BIOL123 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Membrane Transport Protein, Cell Membrane, Lipid Bilayer

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3.7 Recognise in the laboratory the difference between osmosis is and diffusion

and the magnitude of the osmotic effect on enclosed solutions and cells

3.8 Explain what is meant by

a. Hypotonic

b. Hypertonic

c. Isotonic

3.9 List some examples of molecules that could diffuse across the lipid bilayer of

the plasma membrane

• Small and uncharged molecules:

o Water

o Glycerol

o Ethanol

• Hydrophobic molecules:

o Oxygen

o Carbon dioxide

o Steroids

3.10 Describe the role of transport proteins in the movement of water, ions and

larger molecules across the plasma membrane

• Each plasma membrane has a different transport protein embedded within it

which is used as a filter to help regulate materials moving in and out of the

cell

3.11 Explain the difference between a channel protein and a carrier protein

• Protein:

o Biological macromolecule

• Carrier protein:

o Used in facilitated diffusion and active transport

o Picks up molecule from one side of membrane, bind to protein, protein

changes shape, deposits molecule on other side

• Channel protein:

o "Tunnel"

o Molecules simply pass through

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Related Questions

1. predict the direction of water movement based on differences in solute concentrations. Use the terms osmotic pressure, hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic
2. Why do membranes have to be selectively permeable?

3. What determines whether a particular substance can diffuse (simple or facilitated) through a membrane?

4. What mechanisms drive molecules across membranes? Use the terms concentration gradient, (facilitated) diffusion and active transport.
5. Which parts of the plasma membrane proteins do you expect to be hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Justify your answer.
concise and short answers pls

QUESTION 1

Ion diffusion across plasma membrane needs

		a concentration gradient across the membrane
		specific transporters
		ATP
		provide extra energy for the transport

2 points

QUESTION 2

There are four types of large biological molecules

2 points

QUESTION 3

Active transporters transport substances across cell membrane against ____________

2 points

QUESTION 4

Which of the following is a nonpolar amino acid?

	1.	Valine
	2.	Serine
	3.	Aspartic acid
	4.	Glutamic acid

2 points

QUESTION 5

Membrane potential of a cell is created by:

	1.	sodium ion concentration difference between inside and outside of the cell
	2.	a difference in protein concentration across the cell membrane
	3.	an electrical potential difference between the intracellular fluid and the surrounding extracellular fluid
	4.	a difference between the potassium concentration inside and outside of the cell

2 points

QUESTION 6

A mutation resulted in a change from a valine to a glutamic acid in a peptide sequence. This mutation will NOT change the protein folding

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 7

Ions can be transported across plasma membrane by

	1.	diffusion
	2.	No need of transporters
	3.	osmosis
	4.	active transport

2 points

QUESTION 8

Phospholipid is composed of

	1.	A glycerol backbone
	2.	One protein group
	3.	One carbohydrate group
	4.	Two fatty acid chains and one phosphate group

2 points

QUESTION 9

Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are similar in

	1.	Plasma membrane
	2.	nucleus
	3.	mechanism for protein translation
	4.	endoplasmic reticulum

2 points

QUESTION 10

Disulfide bonds are formed between two histidine residues

True

False

BIOL 110 Principles of Biology

1.Describe the structure of a plasma membrane.

2.Define an amphipathic molecule and give an example.

3.Explain the difference between integral and peripheral proteins.

4.Describe the fluid-mosaic model of a membrane.

5.Identify and discuss the function of proteins located in the plasma membrane.

6.Explain the difference between glycoproteins and glycolipids.

7.Why can carbon form chemical bonds with so many elements?

8.Explain the meaning of concentration gradient as it pertains to movement of substances into and out of cells.

9.Explain diffusion and osmosis.

10.What molecule is thought to facilitate the movement of water molecules through a plasma membrane?

11.Explain the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane. Provide examples that occur in the human body.

12.Explain the impact to a cell if placed in a hypertonic solution; include a definition of hypertonic solution and why the change occurs.

13.Identify a similarity and difference between facilitated transport and active transport. Do not state that both move substances across the membrane.

14.Explain the sodium-potassium pump and identify the type of membrane protein involved.

15.Identify and explain the process used by cells to secrete substances.

16.Explain the composition of a plant cell wall and how it differs from the cell wall of a prokaryotic cell.

17.Explain the plasmodesmata and identify the kingdom in which they are found.

18.Define energy and identify the two basic forms of energy.

19.Define entropy.

20.Define metabolism.

21.Explain the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions.

22.What are coupled reactions and what roles can ATP serve in these reactions?

23.Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction reactions.

24.What is energy of activation?

25.What factors affect the speed of enzymatic reactions?

26.What is an electron transport chain?

27.What occurs at the active site of an enzyme?

28.Define enzymatic inhibition.

29.Define chemiosmosis.

30.Define vitamins and identify their function.

BIOL123 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Membrane Transport Protein, Cell Membrane, Lipid Bilayer

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