PHTY100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Ischiocavernosus Muscle, Pelvic Outlet, Urogenital Triangle
ANAT week 11 LB The Pelvic Floor
The Pelvic Organs
- What are the pelvic organs? pelvic organs sit in the “true pelvis”
oLower urinary tract organs: bladder, urethra
oReproductive organs: female – uterus, vagina
Male – prostate
oLower GIT organs: rectum, anal canal
- Storage vesicle (bladder, uterus, rectum), passageway for release (urethra, vagina,
anal canal)
- Bladder sits directly behind symphysis pubis
- Bladders, if full, may rise outside “true pelvis” into “false pelvis”
Relative Position of Pelvic Organs
- Anterior compartment:
oBladder, urethra
- Middle compartment:
oUterus, vagina/prostate
- Posterior compartment:
oRectum, anal canal
Pelvic Organs of the Female
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Pelvic Organs of the Male
- More space in male pelvic organs compared to females
- Much longer urethra
oLess likely to get UTI’s and bugs compared to females
oHarder to get catheter in
- In both males and females, there is a sling of muscles (pelvic floor/pelvic diaphragm)
that holds up all the organs
Functions of the Pelvic Flor
- The pelvic floor is made up of both muscle and fascia
- Helps support the pelvic (and abdominal) viscera
- Contributes to increases in intra-abdominal pressure and then helps to maintain
intra-abdominal pressure
- Act as sphincters for the passageways through the pelvis – urethra, vagina, anus
- Assist in childbirth – form a ‘gutter’ for the head of the foetus directs head towards
vagina
Pelvic Floor Muscles
- Levator ani
oIliococcygeus (group of fibres)
oPubococcygeus (group of fibres)
oPuborectalis (group of fibres)
- Conccygeus
Iliococcygeus and Pubococcygeus
- White tendinous part Tendinous arch forms part of the origin for muscles
oCovers obturator internus
- Gap through pelvic floor urogenital hiatus (ensures that vagina and _____ are not
completely blocked off by muscles)
Puborectalis and Coccygeus
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- Puborectalis u-shaped
- Coccygeus can be referred to as ischiococcygeus (as it comes of ischial spine)
oBlends (merges) with sacrospinous ligament
Pelvic Floor Muscles
Puborectalis u-shaped sling
- Helps maintain anorectal angle (allows us to control defecation)
- When it relaxes, that angle straightens out and we can go to the bathroom
- If it can’t turn off, then people have trouble going to the bathroom
Fascia of the Pelvic Floor
- Complex web made up of loose connective tissue, adipose tissue and smooth muscle
- Referred to as Endopelvic fascia (fascia inside the pelvis)
- Provides a conduit for passage of nerves and blood vessels to the organs
- Helps maintain the organs in place
- Made up of lots of different layers
Endopelvic Fascia
- Pubocervical fascia:
oBetween bladder/urethra and vagina
- Rectovaginal or rectovesical/rectoprostatic fascia:
oBetween rectum and either vagina (female) or bladder plus prostate (male)
- Uterosacral ligaments:
oSuspends and supports the uterus and cervix in position
oOnly in female
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Document Summary
Anat week 11 lb the pelvic floor. Pelvic organs sit in the true pelvis : lower urinary tract organs: bladder, urethra, reproductive organs: female uterus, vagina. Male prostate: lower git organs: rectum, anal canal. Storage vesicle (bladder, uterus, rectum), passageway for release (urethra, vagina, anal canal) Bladders, if full, may rise outside true pelvis into false pelvis . More space in male pelvic organs compared to females. Much longer urethra: less likely to get uti"s and bugs compared to females, harder to get catheter in. In both males and females, there is a sling of muscles (pelvic floor/pelvic diaphragm) that holds up all the organs. The pelvic floor is made up of both muscle and fascia. Helps support the pelvic (and abdominal) viscera. Contributes to increases in intra-abdominal pressure and then helps to maintain intra-abdominal pressure. Act as sphincters for the passageways through the pelvis urethra, vagina, anus.
