PHTY103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Eugenius Warming, Stretching
14. Principles of Therapeutic Exercise
• Apply musculoskeletal anatomical & biomechanical concepts to therapeutic exercise
o Assessment - identify impairments
• ROM - normal, hypo/hypermobile, tight muscles, joint pathologies, lig/capsule
• Pain
• Swelling
• Weakness
• Poor motor control
• Poor balance
• Cardiovascular deficits
• Goals (ICF)
o Types of exercise
• ROM exercise (joint)
• Stretches (muscle length)
• Strengthening (includes endurance, power)
• Motor control - "quality"
• Balance
• Cardiovascular - fitness specific
• Functional
• Apply knowledge of principles of exercise prescription to design a therapeutic exercise for
individuals of varying abilities
o Specificity
• All training adaptations are specific to the training stimulus applied
▪ Speed of movement
▪ Range of motion
▪ Muscle groups
▪ Energy systems involved
▪ Intensity and volume
• Type of exercise
▪ Concentric, eccentric, isometric
▪ Open/closed chain
• What types of exercises might be best to
▪ Compete in a half-marathon
• Endurance/aerobic activity
• Sprints for finish
• Lower limb weight bearing muscles
▪ Improve agility for soccer
• Anaerobic
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• Lower limb muscle groups
▪ Improve balance post ankle fracture, FWB?
• Improving complexity of balance task
o Individualism
• Exercise must be appropriate for the goals, abilities and needs of the
individual
▪ Improve strength
▪ Improve flexibility
▪ Improve power
▪ Improve endurance
▪ Reduce body fat
▪ Improve general health
▪ Improve balance
▪ Improve coordination/skill
• Considerations
▪ Are there any health or injury concerns?
▪ Professional athlete, recreational athlete, sedentary individual?
▪ What is their initial skill level?
▪ What are the requirements of this activity/sport/etc?
▪ Are there time constraints to training?
▪ What equipment is available?
▪ What types of exercise are preferred?
• What are the requirements
▪ An 18 year old dancer
▪ 34 year old tennis player
▪ 70 year old who wants to decrease risk of falls
o Progression
• A challenge must be present for improvement or adaptation to occur
• Selection of amount is important
▪ Too little = not optimising gains/detraining
▪ Too much = risk of injury, post-exercise soreness
▪ Correct amount = optimal improvement
• Maintenance?
• Why progress
▪ To continue to challenge the system and gain improvements
▪ Lack of progression leads to maintenance
• When to progress
▪ When you have achieved goals of previous stage without negative side-
effects
▪ Monitor pain, swelling, quality of movement
• What variables can be progressed or manipulated
▪ Strength
• Magnitude of load
▪ CV
• Length of time (endurance)
• Intensity
▪ Motor control
• Complexity of the task
• Control one body segment to multiple at the same time
▪ Balance
• Same as MC
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