PHTY205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Tidal Volume, Shallow Breathing, Lung Volumes
Document Summary
Define lung volumes and capacities: reduced lung volumes, what do we mean by low lung volumes, tidal volume (shallow breathing, vital capacity (inability to take a deep breath) Frc (generalised loss of volume: tlc (generalised loss of volume) Localised loss of volume (eg atelectasis: decreased tidal volume. Differentiate between local (regional i. e. atelectasis & collapse) and general loss of volume (reduced frc). Localised volume loss: lobar collapse, pleural effusion, rib # Signs and symptoms: may complain of sob, observation/palpation, e(cid:454)pa(cid:374)sio(cid:374) (cid:894)(cid:373)o(cid:448)e(cid:373)e(cid:374)t(cid:895) of (cid:272)hest (cid:449)all, rr, +/- use of accessory muscles, cyanosis, auscultation, or a(cid:271)se(cid:374)t (cid:271)reath sou(cid:374)ds. Loss of volume (elevated diaphragm/s, shift of structures towards side of volume loss: opacification. Investigations: pao2 (spo2) (+/- paco2, poor weak cough. Describe relaxed breathing and deep breathing exercises: techniques to increase lung volumes, i(cid:374)spired (cid:448)olu(cid:373)e, deep breathing exercises, frc, generalised positioning, re-expand localised area of loss of volume.
