PSYC10003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Withdrawal Reflex, Autoimmune Disease, Motor Neuron
13 Jun 2018
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1st March ‘18
MBB1 Week 1; Lecture 2 Notes
Neurons, glia and mechanisms of communication within the neuron
-multiple sclerosis (MS)
-visual problems, weakness of limbs
-leads to paraplegia, slurred speech, severe problems w vision & eye movements
-frequent attacks followed by remission
-autoimmune disorder = affects insulation covering nerve cells (myelin)
-withdrawal reflex (huge stimuli)
-occurs when we touch something hot
/painful (pre-programmed)
-stimuli picks up by sensory neurons
-stimuli transferred to inter neuron in
spinal cord
-(if enough stimuli) interneuron sends
impulse to muscle via motor neuron
-muscle withdraws from pain
-role of inhibition (mild stimuli)
-same process as withdrawal reflex
-however the axon from neuron in brain
inhibits motor neuron - preventing muscle
stimulation
-enables us to control what the muscles do
-neuron structure differs for different
functions - changes the way they are
affected by other cells/how they transfer
signals (e.g. more dendrites)
-but they all have common elements
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Document Summary
Neurons, glia and mechanisms of communication within the neuron. Leads to paraplegia, slurred speech, severe problems w vision & eye movements. Autoimmune disorder = affects insulation covering nerve cells (myelin) Stimuli transferred to inter neuron in spinal cord. (if enough stimuli) interneuron sends impulse to muscle via motor neuron. However the axon from neuron in brain inhibits motor neuron - preventing muscle stimulation. Enables us to control what the muscles do. Neuron structure differs for different functions - changes the way they are affected by other cells/how they transfer signals (e. g. more dendrites) Dendrite - branch like structure, part of cell that receives input. Soma - (blob) cell body, regulating cell function. Axon - where signal (called action potential) is passed to next cell. Terminal buttons - small knobs at end of branches of axon - secretes chemical called neurotransmitter - can excite & inhibit subsequent neurons.
