PSYC30014 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Caffeine, Agoraphobia, Cognitive Restructuring
10 May 2018
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Lecture 4
- Worry is more the way one thinks
- Fear is more about what’s happening in the moment
- GAD - no focus for anxiety, generalised across situations
- PTSD - did have stressful event associated with it [key defining factor]
- Separation anxiety: more common among younger people [often seen among
children]; in DSM IV would’ve been considered to be early onset [early anxiety]; have
to be able to separate out what is developmentally appropriate from what is not
developmentally okay
- Young children are often quite attached to a secure figure in their life [e.g. mother or
father], not uncommon that if they are separated from the figure → quite upset and
will cry [considered developmentally appropriate]
- Separation anxiety disorder:
- → developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation
from attachment figure
- → 3 of following: excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation
from home or attachment figures; about losing major detachment figures; about
possible harm to attachment figure
- → reluctance or refusal to go out, away from home to school or work because of
separation fear
- → reluctance about being alone without major attachment figure
- → refusal to sleep away from home
- → repeated nightmares
- → repeated complaints about physical symptoms
- Children around 5-6 are able to manage being away from attachment figure for quite
lengthy periods of time e.g. going to school; would be a problem if child can’t cope
with being separated during school → would be fearful, anxious and impact schooling
as well
- → acute or insidious onset - often develops following a life stressor (loss of relative or
pet, illness, parental divorce)
- → comorbid separation anxiety is as high as 73% in young people with panic attacks
(Masi, Favilla, Mucci, & Millepiedi, 2000)
- → wide variation between cultures - some avoid separation
- → gender differences - girls avoid more than boys
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- Consequences: limited independent activities away from home; may not participate in
school camps sleepovers with friends; may have difficulty with appropriate separation
as they mature
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- Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century
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- Most is PTSD, least is OCD
- Males and females have different rates: may not be they have different rates in the
disorders; may be males and females manifest symptoms differently or we accept
different symptoms from males vs females
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find more resources at oneclass.com
- E.g. society typically accepts male being more extroverted in terms of their play
(more rough and tumble externalising, typical cultural expectation)
- More symptoms associated with anxiety → but may detect more readily from female
than male
- People often have comorbid anxiety disorders
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- Panic: an abrupt experience of intense fear or acute discomfort, accompanied by
physical symptoms that include palpitations, chest pain or tightening, shortness of
breath, and sometimes dizziness, i.e., feeling faint [don’t know when it’s going to
happen]
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- DSM Panic Disorder: defined by 4 or more of the 13 symptoms (11 somatic
symptoms, 2 cognitive symptoms)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Worry is more the way one thinks. Fear is more about what"s happening in the moment. Gad - no focus for anxiety, generalised across situations. Ptsd - did have stressful event associated with it [key defining factor] Young children are often quite attached to a secure figure in their life [e. g. mother or father], not uncommon that if they are separated from the figure quite upset and will cry [considered developmentally appropriate] Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from attachment figure. 3 of following: excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or attachment figures; about losing major detachment figures; about possible harm to attachment figure. Reluctance or refusal to go out, away from home to school or work because of separation fear. Reluctance about being alone without major attachment figure. Refusal to sleep away from home. Acute or insidious onset - often develops following a life stressor (loss of relative or pet, illness, parental divorce)
