UNIB10003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Ernst Haeckel, Georges Cuvier, Sith
28 May 2018
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UNIB10003 NOTES
1
The sith etitio: Itroduig a eologial histor of huait
• Seeing human history as part of a larger web of life
• Take into account the material facts of life as well as the human ideas and actions that
occur
Problems facing the world today?
• Human activity
• Environmental issues
• Nuclear weapons
• Self awareness
• Arrogance
The 5 great extinctions
• End Ordovician
• Late Devonian
• End Permian
Geology and stratigraphy
• Geolog diides the earths strata
• Currently in Cenozian epoch, quaternary era,
• Anthropocene – new ecological era
• Humans have impacted the geology of the planet
The world before ecology
Great chain of being
• European perspectives
• John Ray – one of the first to insist that fossils had been living animals
• Notion of extinction
• George Cuvier – believed that species were probably created by God
• Species were fixed – specialised in demarcating boundaries between species
An ecological perspective (how ecology started evolving)
• Alexander Von Humboldt
• Solved problems by looking at them in a deep holistic way
• Charles Darwin
• Interconnection between species
• Ernst Haeckel
• Ecology
• Properties
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
2
The foundation of life on Earth
History of the universe
• 13.8 billion years ago : The Big Bang
• Creation of time and space as the universe began to expand
• Cosmic microwave background – electromagnetic radiation
• Red shift of galaxies (Doppler effect)
• Abundances of lightest elements – H, He, Li
• The first second (timeline of the universe)
• Gravity and electromagnetic forces separate
• Quark epoch
• Formation of protons and neutrons
• Atomic nuclei
• Dark ages
• Was ionised
• Photons absorbed by electrons
• First light
• Electrons combine with atomic nuclei
• Stars
• Action of gravity on perturbations
• Galaxies
• Our solar system
Evolution of Earth
• Earth formation
Hadean Eon
• Toxic atmosphere
• No life
• Differentiation
• Earth started to cool
• Inner core
• Outer core
• Mantle
• Crust
• Early atmosphere
• Moon formation
• Formed by the impact of planetoid with Earth
• Helps regulate climate
• Created tides
Archeon Eon
• Plate tectonics
• Plates moves via mantle convection
• Responsible for formation of mountains, volcanic activity, earthquakes, ect.
• Earths ageti field estalished
• Generated due to the motion of convection currents of molten iron
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Beginning of Life on Earth
• 4 fundamentals aspects all living things have
• Metabolism
• Homeostasis
• Reproduction
• Adaption
Conditions needed for life
• Diversity of chemical compounds
• Energy
• Liquid
• The Goldilocks Zone
• Atmospheres are also important
• CO2
• Critical to life
• Without it, Earth would be too cold for liquid
• Magnetic fields
• Protects earths atmosphere from solar radiation
Ideal habitable planet
Where and When did life evolve?
• Procaryotes
• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Stromatolites
Proterozoic Eon
• Supercontinent cycles
• First known glaciation
• The great oxygenation event
• Cyanobacteria used photosynthesis to created energy
• Photosysthesis waste product is oxygen which formed atmosphere
• Snowball Earth
• Increased oxygen decreased Earths greenhouse effect
The Earths Spheres
• 4 major spheres
• Atmosphere
• Contains air we breath
• Protects us from heat and radition from the sun
• Shielded Earths ageti field
• Geosphere
• Soils
• Biotic and non biotic chemical processes
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The si(cid:454)th e(cid:454)ti(cid:374)(cid:272)tio(cid:374): i(cid:374)trodu(cid:272)i(cid:374)g a(cid:374) (cid:858)e(cid:272)ologi(cid:272)al histor(cid:455) of hu(cid:373)a(cid:374)it(cid:455)(cid:859: seeing human history as part of a larger web of life, take into account the material facts of life as well as the human ideas and actions that occur. Problems facing the world today: human activity, environmental issues, nuclear weapons, self awareness, arrogance. Geology and stratigraphy: geolog(cid:455) di(cid:448)ides the earth(cid:859)s strata, currently in cenozian epoch, quaternary era, anthropocene new ecological era, humans have impacted the geology of the planet. An ecological perspective (how ecology started evolving: alexander von humboldt, solved problems by looking at them in a deep holistic way, charles darwin. Interconnection between species: ernst haeckel, ecology, properties. Hadean eon: toxic atmosphere, no life, differentiation, earth started to cool. Inner core: outer core, mantle, crust, early atmosphere, moon formation, formed by the impact of planetoid with earth, helps regulate climate, created tides.
