BABS1201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Chloroplast Dna, Nuclear Membrane, Minnesota State Highway 5
17 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
BABS1201
5TH MARCH 2018
CELLS, PART II
IDENTIFY CHARACTERISTIC STRUCTURES OF EUKARYOTIC AND BACTERIAL CELLS, AND DESCRIBE THEIR BASIC
FUNCTIONS – (CHAPTER 6, CONCEPT 6.2 & 6.3 , 6.5)
× Eukaryotic cells- contain membrane-bound organelles- this compartmentalisation of
eukaryotic cells allows for diverse local environments where different functions can be
carried out
- Nucleus- organelle containing chromosomal DNA (which is packaged with proteins in
the nucleus and called chromatin), enclosed by a double membrane known as the
nuclear envelope. Nucleoli are regions where rRNA are synthesised for formation of
ribosomes
- Chloroplasts- present in green portions of plants and algae. They contain the green
pigment chlorophyll and components that enable sugar to be produced by
photosynthesis, (e.g. enzymes). They have an outer membrane and an inner
membrane (i.e. a double membrane). Grana, stacked thylakoid membranes, reside
in the stroma. These contain chloroplast DNA and ribosomes
- Mitochondria- present in almost all eukaryotic cells. The number of mitochondria
(from one to thousands) in a cell depends on how metabolically active the cell is.
They also have a double membrane, consisting of an outer and inner membrane.
The inner membrane is selectively permeable and has folds (cristae) to increase its
surface area. The area between the membrane is the matric. The inner
mitochondria membrane contains many proteins, such as those which synthesise
ATP. The matrix contents include mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes
- Peroxisomes-specialised metabolic compartments which have a single membrane.
They contain enzymes which transfer H2 to molecular O2, forming toxic H2O2 as a by-
product- this is then converted to water by another enzyme (catalase)
Document Summary
Identify characteristic structures of eukaryotic and bacterial cells, and describe their basic. Functions (chapter 6, concept 6. 2 & 6. 3 , 6. 5) Eukaryotic cells- contain membrane-bound organelles- this compartmentalisation of eukaryotic cells allows for diverse local environments where different functions can be carried out. Nucleus- organelle containing chromosomal dna (which is packaged with proteins in the nucleus and called chromatin), enclosed by a double membrane known as the nuclear envelope. Nucleoli are regions where rrna are synthesised for formation of ribosomes. Chloroplasts- present in green portions of plants and algae. They contain the green pigment chlorophyll and components that enable sugar to be produced by photosynthesis, (e. g. enzymes). They have an outer membrane and an inner membrane (i. e. a double membrane). Grana, stacked thylakoid membranes, reside in the stroma. Mitochondria- present in almost all eukaryotic cells. The number of mitochondria (from one to thousands) in a cell depends on how metabolically active the cell is.
