483 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Vacuole, Adenosine Triphosphate, Facilitated Diffusion
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LECTURE 2 Cells
Part 1: Cell structure
Two major categories
Pore • B tr
er ag) rkayots the acedia and Ac a
• Firt es lif ‐ (>3.5 bi Allio ya so
Eukaryotes Plants, animals, protists and fungi 2.1 bya
Standard features of all cells • Plasma membrane
– Regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell
• Thick fluid inside called the cytosol • DNA organised in one or more chromosomes •
Ribosomes ‐ build proteins
Eukaryotic cells
• Plasma membrane • Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Organelles – membrane-bound structure – Specific functions
– Most important organelle! – Most of the cell’s DNA
Plasma membrane
• Phospholipid bilayer and proteins • Semi‐permeable • Fluid mosaic
Plant cells
• Plant cells have rigid cell walls – Cellulose – Protect cells – Maintain shape, not absorb too
much water
• Chloroplast
The nucleus
• Genetic control of the cell – chief executive • DNA ‐ information needed to make proteins
• Double membrane: nuclear envelope – Semipermeable
Ribosomes
• Responsible for protein synthesis (in week 9) • Components made in nucleolus • Assembled in
cytoplasm • Assemble proteins from amino acid – Free –Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum
• Connected to the nuclear envelope
• An extensive network of tubes
• Rough ER – Studded with ribosomes and transport protein
Smooth be I the i
– Protein production and modification
Golgi apparatus
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Document Summary
Pore b tr er ag) rkayots the acedia and ac a: firt es lif (>3. 5 bi allio ya so. Eukaryotes plants, animals, protists and fungi 2. 1 bya. Standard features of all cells plasma membrane. Regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell: thick fluid inside called the cytosol dna organised in one or more chromosomes . Eukaryotic cells: plasma membrane cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles membrane-bound structure specific functions. Plasma membrane: phospholipid bilayer and proteins semi permeable fluid mosaic. Plant cells: plant cells have rigid cell walls cellulose protect cells maintain shape, not absorb too much water, chloroplast. The nucleus: genetic control of the cell chief executive dna information needed to make proteins, double membrane: nuclear envelope semipermeable. Ribosomes: responsible for protein synthesis (in week 9) components made in nucleolus assembled in cytoplasm assemble proteins from amino acid free attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.