BIOL1007 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Gene Expression, Antigen, Natural Transformation
Document Summary
Bio technology growing industry, agriculture (gmo), fuel (sugar burned for co2) cleaning (enzymes in detergent-phosphate to bleach), food and medicine. Early f mixed cultures of naturally occurring bac/ fungi i. e fermented fish (circe. 700 bc alcoholic fermentation, yeasts, a ancient process. Archaea- prokaryotic- source of thermostable polymerase enzymes for copying dna sequences. Bacteria- unicellular/ prokaryotic as they don"t hav nucleus- hosts for cloning. Dna and expressing proteins algae (eukaryotic or multicellular- conversion co2 + light into biofuels (ethanol, h2) fungi- eukaryotic- divided into yeast (cloning and overexpression hosts) and moulds (antibiotic synthesis) Bacteris e. g e coli= fastest growth, easy to extract or add plasmid dna- doesn"t make proteins unlike yeasts and itcan make disease and not itno food unlike yeats. Yeast- saccharomyces- better for cloning and expression eukaryote genes- recognized as safe gras. Viruses- infest eukaryotic/prokaryotic cells= vectors to carry genes into new hosts. Host cells contain machinery for biosynthesis of high value products from simple raw aterials.
