PHAR3818 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Urinary Tract Infection, Urethral Sphincters, Kidney Stone Disease
23 Jul 2018
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Document Summary
Urinary tract: urinary tract is composed of the 2 kidneys, the ureters, the bladder and the urethra, urine is normally sterile; it contains fluids, salts and waste products (urea). Natural defenses against infections in the urinary tract include: Urethral sphincter when the urethra is squeezed shit, bacteria from the outside cannot climb. Closure of valves up the urethra into the rest of the urinary tract. It is a long way up to the bladder for bacterium. As a women"s urethra is shorter than a mans, females are more susceptible to uti"s. Infections can be classified as lower or upper as well as non-complicated and complicated. Infection/inflammation of the urethra: often caused by stool-related bacteria (e. coli) or std"s (chlamydia, mycoplasma) Infection of the bladder - also includes urethral inflammation: most common uti (90%)- affects up to 1 in 3 women in their life time, usually bacterial infection (e. coli)
