PSYC1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Gestalt Psychology, Humanistic Psychology, Monism
26 May 2018
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PSYC1001 Notes
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1."Functionalism: a system of psychology concerned with the mind as it is used
in an organism’s adaption to its environment "
2."Behaviourism: Watsons’s science of behaviour, which dealt solely with
observable behavioural acts that could be described in objective terms "
3."Gestalt psychology: A system of psychology that focuses largely on learning
and perception, suggesting that combining sensory elements produces new
patterns with properties that did not exists in the individual elements"
4."Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality and system of
psychotherapy"
5."Humanistic psychology: A system of psychology that emphasizes the study
of conscious experience and the wholeness of human nature "
6."Cognitive psychology: A system of psychology that focuses on the process of
knowing, on how the mind actively organises experiences"
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Overall: !
•"Aristotle: heart was the basis for mental activity "
•"Mind-body theories: Rene'Descartes, Baruch'Spinoza, and G. W.'Leibniz'"
•"Empirical method applied to modern psychological study: Joh Locke, George
Berekeley, Thomas Reid and David Hume "
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Debates shaping the history of Neuroscience!
1."Mind vs. brain debate (monism/dualism): are mind (cognition/behaviour) and
brain (physical substance) separate (dualist) or unified monist) entities?"
2."Localism vs. holism: do neurons and brain areas have specific functions
(localism) or is it fairly undifferentiated, working more as an aggregate field
(holism)?"
3."Nature of neural communication:'Is the mind completely "created" by the
brain? Can consciousness be reduced to neurons? Is there a soul that exists
beyond the neurons? !
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