PSYC1002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Classical Conditioning
11 Oct 2018
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Lecture 2: Classical Conditioning (aka Pavlovian Conditioning)
➢ Be able to identify the US, UR, CS, CR in an example
• US = Unconditioned stimulus
• UR = Unconditioned response
• CS = Conditioned stimulus
• CR = Conditioned response
• Example of dog: Dog hears bell before it gets food. The food acts as unconditioned stimulus
as the dog salivates to the food (an unconditioned response. Eventually, when the dog gets
used to this, the bell acts as a conditioned stimulus and the dog begins to salivate at the
sound of the bell, not the food (conditioned response)
➢ What is secondary conditioning?
• The conditioned stimulus can act as a unconditioned stimulus is paired with a new stimulus
• Once a conditioned stimulus has acquired a conditioned response, it can also act as if it is a
unconditioned stimulus itself
• E.g. with the dog: the conditioned stimulus of the bell turns to an unconditioned stimulus as
now when the bell rings, a light turns on (the dog STILL salivates as part of the old
conditioning!) – we are trying to now get the dog to salivate to the light (which acts as the
new conditioned stimulus)
➢ What is Extinction?
• Repeated presentations of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus
results in a loss of the conditioned response
• Repeated conditioned stimulus alone presentations following acquisition (repeated
presentations of the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus result in an
increase in the conditioned response) resulting in a reduction in the conditioned response
• The Associative-Loss Hypothesis:
o Until recently the most common theory of extinction is what is called the associative-loss
hypothesis
o It assumes that presenting the conditioned stimulus alone results in erasing the
underlying association
Document Summary
The food acts as unconditioned stimulus as the dog salivates to the food (an unconditioned response. Eventually, when the dog gets used to this, the bell acts as a conditioned stimulus and the dog begins to salivate at the sound of the bell, not the food (conditioned response) We are trying to now get the dog to salivate to the light (which acts as the new conditioned stimulus) It assumes that presenting the conditioned stimulus alone results in erasing the underlying association. Its meaning is ambiguous: this explains why extinction is not forever. The original conditioned stimulus unconditioned stimulus association is not lost. Describe the inhibition theory of extinction: the conditioned response is not always the same as the unconditioned response, e. g. Conditioning of attraction: can use for branding (e. g. colour purple associated with cadbury chocolate, use asso(cid:272)iatio(cid:374)s i(cid:374) e(cid:454)peri(cid:373)e(cid:374)tal (cid:373)arketi(cid:374)g (e. g. sprite"s (cid:271)ra(cid:374)d is asso(cid:272)iated with the (cid:271)ea(cid:272)h and having fun, it is associated with particular emotions)
