SCPL2601 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Carole Pateman, Nancy Fraser, Baby Bonus
23 May 2018
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WEEK 9: GENDERING SOCIAL POLICY: WOMEN, FAMILY, LABOUR AND CARE:
• Policy Paths: Women, Mothers, Families 1900s - now:
o 1912 Maternity Allowance
o Aitatio Couts settle o oes age % of es
o Widos Pesio – extended to civilians
o 1966 Marriage Bar removed
o 1969/1972 Equal Pay Cases
o 1973 Supporting Mothers Benefit – citizen mother?
o 1977 Supporting Parents Benefit – gender neutral
o 1979 Unpaid Maternity Leave – 52 weeks a year
o 1984 Sex Discrimination Act
o 1987 Social Security Review – activation and obligation
o 2004 New Maternity Allowance (Baby bonus)
o Wokfae fo solo ad lo ioe othes
o 2011 Paid Maternity Leave
• (Anti) Social Family Policies:
o Stolen Generations:
• https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/aboriginal-andtorres-strait-islander-
social-justice/publications/bringing-themhome-stolen
o Forced Removal of Children:
• – https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/
Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/2010-
13/commcontribformerforcedadoption/report/index
• Carole Pateman: The Sexual Contract:
o the social contract as fictional origin story of liberalism
o Caig up the puli ad the piate: iil soiet, the aket, the state ad the
family
o The liberal subject is masculine – eual, fee, fateal • The atual suodiatio and
disode of oe
• Poles to ok though…:
o Social contract theories ignore the power relations of civil society. Can we not also say
that civil society is a site of domination and coercion as well as community ?
o Divisions between public and private, liberal or otherwise, vacate analysis of how
interdependent these fields are in operation and how understandings (of family, politics,
etc.) are defined through complementary and antagonistic practices in other fields
o Histoiall iauate: oe ee full eluded fo iil soiet … ut this doest
make the fiction less powerful?
o Ho a oe i lieal soieties ihait ategoies suh as the itize, the
idiidual, o the self?
• Nancy Fraser:
o Early modern states defined the economic field and the corresponding subject - free and
eual to ete ito otat i the aket plae. At the sae tie, defiig the piate
sphere and corresponding subject – the head of household.
o The original subject is codified male
o The expansion of welfare states created a new corresponding role – the welfare client –
women are included as this new subject
o Subject to forms of regulation and surveillance in ways that workers (men) are not
o Women comprise the majority of recipients and employees of social services.
• Problems:
o Arguments against the welfare state:
• Traps women in poverty and consolidates public patriarchy
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o Arguments for the welfare state:
• Lessens private patriarchy in the household
• Without social provisioning (education, health, care) unpaid labour will be
downloaded to the household becoming more work for women
• But… the itepetatio of eeds is itself a politial stake
• Lois Bryson: The Australian Case:
o Woes elfae state ad Mes elfae state
o White, ale, age eaes elfae state
o Commodification and Decommodification
o Mes laou is deoodified though asi age, illess, ueploet ad old age
o Maied oes laou deoodified though fail age- in principle not in
practice
o “igle oes laou oodified %
o Coegee: aligig oes laou ith es oodifiatio
o Restrictions of decommodified rights – single mothers reconstructed as workers
o Etedig deoodified ights to e aes pesios et.
o Segregated labour markets
o Gender pay gap ( especially exacerbated for mothers)
o Occupational segregation (women in sectors with less power for decision-making)
• Post Idustial Capitalis: Moe poles still…
o The isis of the elfae state post s i pat eause the old gede ode is
ulig Fase, :
o the minimum wage no longer able to support a family
o Failies look adiall diffeet ouplig late, o hilde, LGBTI failies, failies of
choice, solo parenting)
• Women's Paid Labour:
o
• International Comparisons:
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lessens private patriarchy in the household: without social provisioning (education, health, care) unpaid labour will be downloaded to the household becoming more work for women, but the i(cid:374)te(cid:396)p(cid:396)etatio(cid:374) of (cid:858)(cid:374)eeds is itself a politi(cid:272)al stake(cid:859) Solo maternal employmen: the numbers, 66% of women between 20 and 70 are employed -making up 50% of the workforce. In 2016-2017, more than two in five employed women worked part time (45%), compared with 16% of employed men. This number rose to 62. 2% for employed women with a child under 5 (while part-time rates for fathers of young children were just 7. 7%): gender pay gap 22. 3% full time total remuneration, underemployment: women 9. 7%; men 6%. But mothers, especially so solo mothers, are more likely to be underemployed. (workplace gender equality agency, 2017; abs- So what"s going on: fatherhood premium: more likely than any other group in the labour market to access higher wages, longer hours, secure long term employment with full entitlements (whitehouse, 2002)
