KHA112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Self-Awareness, Heritability, Social Inequality
30 Jun 2018
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Psychology B week 5: Approaches to Intelligence
Definitions: adaptability, solve problems, property of the mind
Psychometric Approach:
- Data driven whereby statistics are analyzed
oCorrelation
oFactor analysis: procedure whereby all items of a test are entered and
groups together, seeing where they ‘load’
- Believe that the things we measure are the behavior representing underlying
abilities that cannot be directly assessed
- Grouping things together based on principles
oSpearman’s Two Factor Theory:
General (g) ability: overall ability that underlies everything we
do
Relatively stable over time
Specific (s) ability: explains why someone might be strong in
one area and weak in another
Binet’s test of intelligence assessed specific factors,
then brought these abilities together to form general
intelligence
IQ reflects a pull, general ability based on specific
abilities
A lot of people rely on g as opposed to s. Expect to be
incredible at everything. Need to bare in mind and take
into account
oThurstone’s 7 Primary Mental Abilities:
Did not agree with Spearman, we have too much weight on g
factor, which doesn’t actually tell us much, just a number.
Focused on s factors, the profile of abilities, strengths and
weakness areas
Counteracted as an alternative definition of intelligence
Based on statistical analysis
Argued that each of these are independent of g; one is not
predictive of g score, little correlation
Word fluency
Verbal comprehension
Spatial ability
Perceptual speed
Numerical ability
Inductive reasoning
Memory
Controversial theory as not replicated, no one else found it,
found that correlations varied and did not share Thurstone’s
point of view
Eventually found many factor are correlated
Proposition was not best way to explain, began to see the
importance of g but still focused on specific abilities
oCattell (1941) and Horn (1965): moved away from g and s factors
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Fluid intelligence (Gf): Can change
Fluctuates over time
Inherent, non-verbal capacity to learn and solve
problems
Adapts in new situations
Argued it was free of cultural, educational, social
experience
Fluid intelligence decreases over time: cognitive
flexibility and adaptability reduces with age
oLearning etc. harder
Crystalized intelligence (Gc): learning
Skills one learns and the knowledge you’ve gained
Accumulation of abilities learned through schooling or
life experience
Longevity of crystalized intelligence increases to age of
60 years
oGreat move away from g intelligence, moves
away from g
oThe older the wiser
oCattell, Horn, Carroll (CHC): Hierarchical model of intelligence
Structure of intelligence
10 broad fluid and crystalized intelligence filters up there
which filtered down to 70 or more branches
Complex model
Bring g factor back into theory: at top of hierarchy
First attempt to fully integrate, instead of treat as in opposition
of one another
Bought to forefront multiple intelligence, not just one score that
reflects what kind of person you are
oInformation Processing Approach:
Underlying processes to intelligence
Speed of processing: performing mental tasks
Knowledge base: general knowledge stored in long term
memory
Ability to acquire and apply mental processes: can we
oSternberg:
Componential intelligence: Use abstract thinking to process
information
Experimental: formulate new ideas that are unrelated
Contextual: adaptability
Stemming off these are three components:
Met components: having awareness of own intelligence
oOne differentiation of human and other animals
oHIGHEST LEVEL OF bringing together all
information
Performance components: the doing, I can do the things
that my meta components have reflected on
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Definitions: adaptability, solve problems, property of the mind. Data driven whereby statistics are analyzed: correlation, factor analysis: procedure whereby all items of a test are entered and groups together, seeing where they load". Believe that the things we measure are the behavior representing underlying abilities that cannot be directly assessed. Grouping things together based on principles: spearman"s two factor theory: General (g) ability: overall ability that underlies everything we do. Specific (s) ability: explains why someone might be strong in one area and weak in another. Binet"s test of intelligence assessed specific factors, then brought these abilities together to form general intelligence. Iq reflects a pull, general ability based on specific abilities. A lot of people rely on g as opposed to s. expect to be incredible at everything. Need to bare in mind and take into account: thurstone"s 7 primary mental abilities:
