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CAM202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Conjugate Acid, Equilibrium Constant, Acid Dissociation Constant

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taupefly760
11 Oct 2018
School
University of Tasmania
Department
Medicine
Course
CAM202
Professor
Derek Choi-Lundberg

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Document Summary

Acid: an acid is a substance that is capable of releasing a proton, a hydrogen/proton donor, example: hcl h+ + cl- Base: an base is a substance that is capable of accepting a proton, a hydrogen/proton acceptor, example: hco3- + h+ h2co3. Conjugate pairs: acids and bases are found together and exist as conjugate pairs, h2co3 hco3- + h, normally written as ha h+ + a-, where ha is the br nsted-lowry acid, and. A- is the conjugate base (proton acceptor: a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (h+) ph, calculated as log[h+, as ph = log[h+], [h+] = 10-ph. Strong and weak acids and bases: a strong acid, such as hcl, dissociates fully in solution, a weak acid partially dissociates in solution: In a reaction such as the one above, the reaction reaches an equilibrium where some of the acid is present in its original form (h2co3) and some as the conjugate base (hco3-)

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Related Questions

For conjugate acid-base pairs, how are Ka and Kb related?

Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water.

 

where  

a. Which two bases are competing for the proton?

b. Which is the stronger base?

c. In light of your answer to part b, why do we classify the acetate ion (CH3CO2-) as a weak base? Use an appropriate reaction to justify your answer.

In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid.

To summarize, the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base and the conjugate acid of a weak base is a weak acid (weak gives you weak). Assuming Ka for a monoprotic strong acid is 1x106, calculate Kb for the conjugate base of this strong acid. Why do conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties in water? List the conjugate bases of the six common strong acids. To tie it all together, some instructors have students think of Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ as the conjugate acids of the strong bases LiOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2. Although not technically correct, the conjugate acid strength of these cations is similar to the conjugate base strength of the strong acids. That is, these cations have no acid properties in water; similarly, the conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties (strong gives you worthless). Fill in the blanks with the correct response. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a ______ base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is a ______ acid. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a ______ base. The conjugate acid of a strong base is a ______ acid. (Hint: Weak gives you weak and strong gives you worthless.)

For conjugate acid-base pairs, how are Ka and Kb related?

Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water:

CH3CO2H (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ CH3CO2− (aq) + H3O+ (aq)             where Ka = 1.8 × 10−5

  1. Which two bases are competing for the proton?
  2. Which is the stronger base?
  3. In light of your answer to part b. why do we classify the acetate ion (CH3CO2−) as a weak base? Use an appropriate reaction to justify your answer.
  4. In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid.

 

To summarize, the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base and the conjugate acid of a weak base is a weak acid (weak gives you weak). Assuming Ka for a monoprotic strong acid is 1× 106, calculate Kb for the conjugate base of this strong acid.

Why do conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties in the water?

List the conjugate bases of the six common strong acids.

To tie it all together, some instructors have students think of Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ as the conjugate acids of the strong bases LiOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2. Although not technically correct, the conjugate acid strength of these cations is similar to the conjugate base strength of the strong acids. That is, these cations have no acidic properties in water; similarly, the conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties (strong gives you worthless). Fill in the blanks with the correct response. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is a_____acid. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a strong base is a_____ acid. ( Hint: Weak gives you weak and strong gives you worthless.)