PHAR2210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Carbonyl Group, Aplastic Anemia, Drug Metabolism
Document Summary
Toxicity: organ-specific toxicants, most systemic toxicants damage just a few target organs , local toxicants: Toxic chemicals with extreme physicochemical properties that injure site of first contact with body ( local toxicity ) E. g. irritation of skin/lung by strong acids, bases, vesicant chemical warfare agents, etc: systemic toxicants: Toxic chemicals that need to be absorbed into systemic circulation. Tend to damage internal body organs or systems ( systemic toxicity : direct-acting toxicants: Termed bioactivation i. e. cyp450 or other enzymes convert compound into chemically-reactive species. Either detoxicated or they attack cell macromolecules: may be because tissue expresses influx transporters (accumulates drugs, or, target tissues express enzymes that form. Electrophilic metabolites: or target tissues may not express protective enzymes that detoxify electrophilic metabolites. Electrophilic metabolites react with electron-dense (nucleophilic) sites in cell macromolecules (e. g. proteins or dna: reaction products termed protein or dna. Chemically-induced liver injury: receives blood that drains gi-tract, actively accumulates drugs.
