300816 Lecture 8: Cell biology gene expression
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1. What is the term when the product of a biochemical pathway inhibits the activity of the first enzyme of a pathway?
feedback inhibition. | ||
activator inhibition. | ||
diffusional regulation. | ||
enzyme activation. |
2. Through control of gene expression, prokaryotes respond to changing __________ conditions.
internal | ||
protein | ||
environmental | ||
genetic |
3. A protein that negatively regulates transcription by binding to the operator is known as the
operon | ||
repressor | ||
activator | ||
inducer |
4. During attenutation, when tryptophan levels are high, the ________ stem-loop forms and transcription ________ the trpL gene.
1-2, ends just past | ||
3-4, ends just past | ||
1-2, continues beyond | ||
3-4, continues beyond |
5. The process of turning on the expression of a gene in response to a substance in the environment is called:
constituation. | ||
repression. | ||
induction. | ||
catabolism. |
6. What is a function of some specific transcription factors?
to bind to the promoter region of the gene to facilitate the proper alignment of the RNA polymerase | ||
to bind to the centromere to induce meiosis | ||
to bind to enhancer regions to help regulate gene transcription | ||
to bind to the operator to recruit sigma factor |
7. How does exposing an E.coli cell to glucose affect the regulation of the lac operon via CAP?
cAMP binds to CAP and transcription is increased. | ||
cAMP binds to CAP and transcription is decreased. | ||
cAMP does not bind to CAP and transcription is increased. | ||
cAMP does not bind to CAP and transcription is decreased. |
8. The lac repressor protein works when mutations in the repressor gene and structural genes are:
in cis or in trans. | ||
in trans only. | ||
in cis only. | ||
in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. |
QUESTION 1
How is a bone marrow transplant able to treat someone with leukemia?
The donor blood contains antibodies that destroy cancer cells | ||
Donor blood contains stem cells that regenerate cells in the immune system | ||
Bone marrow contains induced pluripotent stem cells that turn into red blood cells | ||
Bone marrow contains tumor supressor genes that slow down leukemia growth | ||
Bone marrow contains pluripotent human embryonic stem cells |
1.2 points
QUESTION 2
What would happen if siRNAs designed to target mRNA from an oncogene were introduced into cancer cells?
Increased genomic instability would result from adding foreign nucleic acids | ||
New mutations would arise in the oncogene | ||
The oncogene would be converted back into a proto-oncogene | ||
The siRNAs would compete with the oncogene's active site | ||
Production of the oncogene protein would decrease |
1.2 points
QUESTION 3
What is the purpose of chromatin-remodeling enzymes in human cells?
The enzymes control the rate of translation of an mRNA transcript | ||
The enzymes add phosphate or methyl groups to histone tails | ||
The enzymes slide nucleosomes farther apart or closer to each other | ||
The enzymes send damaged proteins to the proteasome for degradation | ||
The enzymes cause DNA looping to occur |
1.2 points
QUESTION 4
If you wanted to resurrect the mammoth, how would you do it?
Use somatic cell nuclear transfer to insert the mammoth genome into the egg of an elephant | ||
Use transcription factors to re-program adult cells from elephants into mammoth cells | ||
Change the gene expression patterns of elephants to increase production of mammoth genes | ||
Use siRNAs to decrease expression of elephant-specific genes in an elephant embryo |
1.2 points
QUESTION 5
How is eukaryotic transcription initiated?
RNA polymerase is recruited to the start codon by transcription factors | ||
RNA polymerase begins transcription at the enhancer sequence | ||
RNA polymerase is activated by binding to GTP | ||
An initiator tRNA binds to the ribosome | ||
A complex of proteins forms at the promoter of a gene |