BIOL 3553 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Edward Jenner, Cowpox, Dna Vaccination
Document Summary
Preparation of microbial antigens used to induce protective immunity. May include: killed, living, weakened microbes, or inactivated toxins, purified cell material, recombinant vectors or dna. The body response to antigens naturally as the enter the body naturally occurring infections. Antibodies are transferred from mother to offspring either across the placenta (igg) or in breast mile (secretory iga) Antigens in vaccines are introduced to the body. The body responds with an antibody or cell-mediated immune response including the production of memory cells. Injected boy with cowpox and smallpox and the boy survived. Cowpox and smallpox viruses share some surface antigens. Immunization with cowpox induces antibodies against cowpox surface antigens. Cowpox antibodies bind to and neutralize the smallpox virus. Are mixed with antigens in vaccines to enhance the rate and degree of immunization. Can be nontoxic material that prolongs antigen interaction with immune cells and stimulates the immune response to the antigen. Alum is one of the first adjuvants that was licensed.