BIOL 2P92 Lecture 1: February 8, 2017

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22 Mar 2017

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Radula is its distinct feature sand paper-like, and serrated part of the mouth. Developmental trait presence of coelom, haemocyl (blood cavity) Scrapes up brings food particles into the mouth esophagus gut. Complicated musculature that controls the movement of the radula and the open/close of the mouth. Primitive (ancestral) condition of mollusc gill = ctenidium. Water is circulated by beating of cilia. Characteristics: has a definite front and back end (plates and scales on top 8, has a digestive system, enlarged stomach near the esophagus preliminary digestion occurs here. Intestine most digestion occurs here: well-developed reproduction system, somewhat enclosed circulatory system, has pericardium space around the heart, has a mantle, well-developed waste systems: presence of kidneys, nephridiophore (pore opening from the kidney) Monoplacophora: known only from paleozoic fossils until 1952, looks like a chiton with a single shell, marine, gills, foot, very susceptible to predators, filter-feeders. Shells come in a variety of designs.

Related Questions

An organism that is cephalized is probably ___________________.

		bilaterally symmetrical
		is segmented
		is diploblastic
		has a coelom

1 points

QUESTION 33

Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males, you should _____.

		test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive
		look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins
		determine if hair length is heritable
		test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate

1 points

QUESTION 34

Which of these is not an animal?

		ctenophore
		poiferan
		choanoflagellate
		cnidaria

1 points

QUESTION 35

What would be the best anatomical feature to look for to distinguish a gastropod from a chiton?

		presence of muscular foot
		presence of a radula
		production of eggs
		number of shell plates

1 points

QUESTION 36

If radial cleavae occurs during development, the animal will be a protostome.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 37

The "heart" of arthopods is located ______________.

		ventrally
		centrally
		dorsally
		sagitally

1 points

QUESTION 38

Which structure do bivalves use for feeding?

		radula
		ctenidia (gills)
		beak
		foot

1 points

QUESTION 39

Claytonia virginica is a woodland spring herb with flowers that vary from white to pale pink to bright pink. Slugs prefer to eat pink-flowering over white-flowering plants (due to chemical differences between the two), and plants experiencing severe herbivory are more likely to die. The bees that pollinate this plant also prefer pink to white flowers, so that Claytonia
with pink flowers have greater relative fruit set than Claytonia with white flowers. A researcher observes that the percentage of different flower colors remains stable in the study population from year to year. Given no other information, if the researcher removes all slugs from the study population, what do you expect to happen to the distribution of flower colors in the population over time? 22.2

		The percentage of pink flowers should increase over time.
		The percentage of white flowers should increase over time.
		The distribution of flower colors should not change.
		The distribution of flower colors should randomly fluctuate over time.

1 points

QUESTION 40

The water vascular system of echinoderms _____________.

		functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells
		function in locomotion and feeding
		is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not blaterally symmetrical
		is analogous to the gastrovascular cavity of flatworms

1 points

QUESTION 41

In Phylum Mollusca, the fluid of the open circulatory system is called hemolymph.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 42

You find what you believe is a new species of animal. Which of the following characteristics would enable you to argue that it is more closely related to a flatworm than it is to a roundworm?

		It is a suspension feeder. It is a suspension feeder.
		It has no coelom.
		It is shaped like a worm.
		It has a mouth and an anus.

1 points

QUESTION 43

You observe that a mystery organism in a pond never comes up to the pond's surface. If you are able to catch one of these organisms, bring it to the lab and dissect it, you should find ______________.

		gills
		spiracle
		trachea
		book lungs

1 points

1. CAN BE MORE THAN ONE The arthropods are the most successfulgroup of animals; several key features explain their success. Checkall of the features that one would use to classify members intothis phylum.

growth takes place throughecdysis

a rigid exoskeleton made ofchitin

closed circulatory systems

jointed appendages

a rigid exoskeleton made ofkeratin

segments specialized intofunctional tagmata
2. An entomologist observed a locust sitting on a branch pumpingits abdomen like an accordion. What is the insect doing?

Stretching out its pedipalps

Assisting gas exchange in thetracheal system

Speeding the flow of blood throughits veins and arteries

Clearing its spinnerets

3.Dibenzoylhydrazines are a category of molecules that have beenused as insecticides. They work by blocking ecdysteroid receptors.How does this kill an insect?

The chitinous exoskeleton isdissolved.

The insect can no longer excretenitrogenous wastes.

The insect can no longer coordinateits movements.

The insect cannot molt.

4. The grasshopper equivalent of an ear is found

on the side of its head.

on the abdomen.

Grasshoppers do not have afunctional equivalent to ears.

directly behind the antennae.

5. A snail in your garden and an oyster are quite different inappearance. What would be evidence to justify grouping themtogether?

Both have a mantle capable ofsecreting calcium carbonate.

Both use siphons to obtainoxygen.

Both have sensory antenna.

Both use a radula for feeding.

6.Barnacles are sessile filter feeders but unlike bivalves theyhave internal fertilization. How do they solve this problem?

They are only capable of asexualreproduction.

The filter sperm from the watercolumn.

They are hemaphrodites withespecially long penises.

They get fertilized during free living larval stages.

7. Bivalves lack a radula. How dothey eat?

The gills filter water and extractorganic matter.

The mantle traps and moves sedimentto the stomach for digestion.

Inhalent siphons suck water intothe mouth.

Most bivalves have photosynthetic endosymbionts in the visceralmass.

8.If a marine biology student discovered a dorsoventrallyflattened marine worm, what would be an effective way to determineif the specimen was a flatworm or a ribbon worm?

Examine the morphology of theexcretory system.

Look for a head at the anteriorend.

Determine the number of embryonicmembranes.

Look for an anus.

9.Inside its beak an octopus has a rasping tongue that is usedto tear apart food, which gastropod structure is this analogousto?

Nephridium

Radula

Shell

Mantle

10.Pinworm is spread by contact, and the worms cause severeitching around the anus. Why is it so common?

Insect vectors spread thedisease.

The intense itch produces anintense desire to scratch.

The eggs end up in the soil.

Sometime people don't wash their hands after scratching theirperi-anal region.

11.Why would a leech have a hard time feeding if it did notproduce anticoagulants?

The blood would stop flowing aftera short time.

The leech would have a hard timeremaining attached to its host.

The leech would have a hard timelocating appropriate hosts.

The pain of the leech bite would cause the leech to bedetected.

12.The scolex of a tapeworm contains the mouth and the anteriorneural ganglia.

True

False

13.In what way are a human and a crab similar?

Both have a continuos growthpattern.

Both have closed circulatorysystems.

Vertebrates and arthropods aredeuterostomes.

Both have muscles that pull against rigid skeletons.

14.What is a simple way for determining if an annelids is apolychaete or a clitellate?

The amount of setae

Possession of a closed circulatorysystem

The layout of the digestivesystem

The number of segments

15.At a celebratory dinner for a recent publication, a marinebiologist ordered the lobster claw appetizer. What part did sheorder?

Telson

Uropods

Nauplius

Cheliped

16.Humans have directdevelopment, a closed circulatory system, well-developed eyes, andlarge brains. Which mollusk also shares these features?

	Octopus
	Slug
	Chiton
	Nudibranch

peachdolphin965

QUESTION 1

The âCambrian Explosionâ describes the relatively sudden appearance of __________ in the fossil record in the Cambrian.

		Metazoans
		Eukaryotes
		Algae
		Cephalopods
		Chocolate

0.5 points

QUESTION 2

Poriferans lack:

		Extracellular matrix
		Organs
		Choanocytes
		Nuclei

0.5 points

QUESTION 3

Which of the following has no terrestrial species?

		Brachiopoda
		Nematoda
		Mollusca
		Arthropoda

0.5 points

QUESTION 4

The metazoan phylum with the greatest diversity (i.e., number of species) today is:

		Arthropoda.
		Annelida.
		Cnidaria.
		Mollusca.

0.5 points

QUESTION 5

Segmentation is a feature of:

		Cnidarians
		Platyhelminthes
		Nematodes
		Annelids

0.5 points

QUESTION 6

A coelom is:

		Fun for the whole family.
		A fluid-filled body cavity forming within the mesoderm.
		A stinging cell found in cnidarians.
		A characteristic of flatworms.
		A fluid-filled body cavity between the mesoderm and endoderm.

0.5 points

QUESTION 7

How old is the earliest fossil evidence of life?

		3.8 Ma
		3.8 Ga
		1.8 Ga
		543 Ma

0.5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is found only in bilaterians?

		Mesoderm
		Choanocytes
		Radial symmetry
		Gastrulation
		Nougat

0.5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following is not an explanation put forward for the Cambrian Explosion?

		Oxygen increase
		Revolution in substrate use
		Predation
		Global warming

0.5 points

QUESTION 10

Cnidarians are distinct from other animals in having:

		A can-do attitude
		Nematocysts
		Chitin
		Collagen
		Bilateral symmetry

0.5 points

QUESTION 11

Which of the following is a group within Platyhelminthes?

		Insecta
		Velveeta
		Bivalvia
		Cestoda
		Hydrozoa

0.5 points

QUESTION 12

Of Fungi, Metazoa, and Plantae, which two are thought to be more closely related to each other than they are to the third?

		Metazoa and Plantae
		Fungi and Plantae
		Fungi and Metazoa

0.5 points

QUESTION 13

The Cryogenian is a period of the Proterozoic characterized by:

		Low self esteem
		Earliest fossils of life
		Cooling and glaciation
		Sudden appearance of fossils with hard parts
		Increase in oxygen

0.5 points

QUESTION 14

Which of the following is thought not to have been abundant in the environment of the early Earth when life originated?

		Oxygen
		Nitrogen
		Methane
		Water

0.5 points

QUESTION 15

Of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, which two are thought to be more closely related to each other than they are to the third?

		Bacteria and Eukarya
		Archaea and Bacteria
		Archaea and Eukarya

0.5 points

QUESTION 16

The increase in oxygen that occurred around 2.3 Ga is referred to as:

		The Snowball Earth
		The Permian Extinction
		The Cambrian Explosion
		The Great Oxidation Event
		Friday

0.5 points

QUESTION 17

A lophophore is:

		A feeding structure found in brachiopods and bryozoans.
		A reproductive structure found in annelids and molluscs.
		A photoautotroph.
		Available at Targetâ¢.
		Absent in all lophotrochozoans.

0.5 points

QUESTION 18

One of the main divisions of protostomes is:

		Electronica
		Cnidaria
		Eukarya
		Lophotrochozoa
		Deuterostomia

0.5 points

QUESTION 19

If, as some studies have suggested, Ctenophora is the sister-taxon to other metazoans, this would imply that:

		Poriferans are not animals.
		Cnidarians are not monophyletic.
		We are all hosed.
		Nervous systems evolved more than once, or were lost by Porifera.
		Ctenophorans are cnidarians.

0.5 points

QUESTION 20

The chambered shells of fossil cephalopods contribute to:

		Feeding.
		The Red Cross.
		Respiration.
		Control of buoyancy.
		Propulsion.

BIOL 2P92 Lecture 1: February 8, 2017

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