BIOL 2P98 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Ecological Niche, Horizontal Gene Transfer, Auxotrophy
30 Jul 2015
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Dna in most bacteria is circular bidirectional replication from a single origin replication fork is where dna is unwound replicon origin and is replicated as a unit (entire genome in bacteria) Archaea is also circular but may have more than one origin eukaryotic linear chromosome with many replication forks. Generally one chromosome but some bacteria such as cholera-causing bacteria have two. the cell. No nucleus; have a nuclear region or nucleoid. Bacterial cells may carry several different plasmids each having few to many copies in. * encode genes for cell to act as pathogen. * difference between typical e. coli in gut and pathogenic e. coli o157h7. Genes to degrade special metabolites e. g. oil slicks. Methods of genetic exchange: transformation, conjugation, transduction. Transformation: capturing dna: the non-specific acceptance by a bacterial cell of small fragments of dna from the surrounding environment. Facilitated by special dna-binding proteins on the cell wall that capture dna.
