BIOL 3P64 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Emerald Ash Borer, Dutch Elm Disease, Cecidomyiidae
5 May 2018
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Leture 12: Detrimental Insects: Plant Pests 16/11/2017
• What is a Pest?
o Organism serves as nuisance to human
▪ Directly: bites, diseases, clusting, stench, infestations
▪ Indirectly: crop desctruction, livestock disease
▪
• Plant Pest
o Organisms feed primarily on plants that are deemed beneficial to humans
▪ **Diptera: Tephritidae (fruit flies but NOT Drosophilidae)
o Effects on Plants
▪ Defoliation
• Coleoptera, Lepidoptera
• Consume large amount of leaves
• lowers SA for sunlight gathering, reducing rate of photosynthesis
▪ Sap Consumption
• Aphidiae, Cicadellidae
• feed on plant sap
• sap is important for transport of nutrients/sugars/water/hormones throughout plant
▪ Root Destruction
• Curculionidae (weevils)
• Feed on root tissue, limits nutrient/water intake
• Root vegetables-> carrots, consumable portion sustains damage
▪ Fruit Damage
• Tephritidae (fruit fly)
• Feeds on or deposits eggs in fruit -> larvae hatch & eat flesh
• results in unwanted fruit or rotten products
▪ Structure Alteration
• Cecidomyiidae (gall midges)
• Larval w/n plant, alters physical properties of host
• Developes gall
▪ Disease Spread
• Microorganisms exits on/in insects & transfer it to plant host during contact
• Hemiptera, wood-boring beetles
• Coleoptera
o Emerald Ash Borer
▪ F: Buprestidae: Agrilus planipennis
▪ Metallic wood-boring beetles or jewel beetles, shiny, bullet shaped
▪ NA: michigan, 2002-> Quebec, texas
▪ Adults feed on ash leaves- not severe damage
▪ Female deposists eggs in bark
▪ Larvae emerge 2 weeks later- chew into tree, feeding on xylem/phloem
• Xylem: water/nutrient transport
• Phloem: sucrose transport
▪ Galleries left by larvae
▪ Can feed on other trees- host jumping
▪ Control: Cerceris project
• Cerceris fumipennis predatory wasp (Carbronidae)
o Portable hives, wasp leave, forage, collect beeltes, kill them and bring to hive
o Dutch Elm Disease (DED)
▪ F: Curculionidae, SF: Scolytinae
▪ Originally own family Scolytidae, but moved to weevils
▪ Reproduce in bark, females deposit eggs, they hatch ahd feed on wood -> create galleries
▪ Netherlands, 1920
▪ Elm bark beetles carry fungus
▪ Beetles burrow in bark & create galleries, fungus transferred to tree
▪ Fungus infects xylem/phloem
• auses tree to plug haels to preet further trasfer
• nutrients/water cannot reach top of tree, causes it to die (top-most first)
▪ insect vectored disease
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
16/11/2017: what is a pest, organism serves as nuisance to human. Indirectly: crop desctruction, livestock disease: organisms feed primarily on plants that are deemed beneficial to humans. Consume large amount of leaves lowers sa for sunlight gathering, reducing rate of photosynthesis. Aphidiae, cicadellidae feed on plant sap sap is important for transport of nutrients/sugars/water/hormones throughout plant. Feeds on or deposits eggs in fruit -> larvae hatch & eat flesh results in unwanted fruit or rotten products. Larval w/n plant, alters physical properties of host. Disease spread: microorganisms exits on/in insects & transfer it to plant host during contact. F: buprestidae: agrilus planipennis: metallic wood-boring beetles or jewel beetles, shiny, bullet shaped, na: michigan, 2002-> quebec, texas. Adults feed on ash leaves- not severe damage. Larvae emerge 2 weeks later- chew into tree, feeding on xylem/phloem. Portable hives, wasp leave, forage, collect beeltes, kill them and bring to hive: dutch elm disease (ded)
