KINE 2P09 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Response Element, Binding Protein, Protein Kinase A
9 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
KINE 2P09
Autonomic Tone
- Low level activity without stimulus
Dual Innervation
- Many organs are innervated by both SNS and PSNS
- Cooperate to fine tune various processes and organ function
- In general opposing effects, control of heart rate, vasoconstriction
Feedforward Regulation
- Stimulus causes compensatory effect immediately
- Before variable change is detected
- Anticipates change
Major types of hormone receptors
- Intracellular receptors
o Hormone can pass through cell membrane
o Lipophilic
o Binding protein needed
o Binds to receptor in cytoplasm or nucleus
o Binds to DNA at response element and affects gene expression
- Cell membrane receptors
o Need 2nd messengers
o Phosphorylation
o Kinases adding phosphate to et eze’
o Phosphorylates remove a phosphate
o cascade or 2nd messenger system, multiple steps
Cyclic AMP 2nd Messenger System
- hormone binds to cell surface receptor
- binding stimulates g-protein to move through membrane
- binds to adenylate cyclase, activated
- converts ATP to cAMP
- cAMP binds to protein kinase A, activated
- adds phosphate to proteins
Comparison of Cyclic AMP and Ca2 ion and 2nd Messengers
- both for cell membrane receptors
- make use of protein kinase
- involve phosphorylation target proteins to allow the hormones to have an effect
Contrast
- cAMPuses g-protein to turn on adenyl cyclase
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Document Summary
Many organs are innervated by both sns and psns. Cooperate to fine tune various processes and organ function. In general opposing effects, control of heart rate, vasoconstriction. Intracellular receptors: hormone can pass through cell membrane, lipophilic, binding protein needed, binds to receptor in cytoplasm or nucleus, binds to dna at response element and affects gene expression. Cell membrane receptors: need 2nd messengers, phosphorylation, kinases adding phosphate to (cid:374)e(cid:454)t e(cid:374)z(cid:455)(cid:373)e", phosphorylates remove a phosphate, (cid:862)cascade(cid:863) or 2nd messenger system, multiple steps. Binding stimulates g-protein to move through membrane. Adds phosphate to proteins converts atp to camp camp binds to protein kinase a, activated. Comparison of cyclic amp and ca2 ion and 2nd messengers. Make use of protein kinase involve phosphorylation target proteins to allow the hormones to have an effect. Contrast campuses g-protein to turn on adenyl cyclase camp activates protein kinase a to phosphorylate. Ca2 ion has calcium bind to calmodulin which seeks calmodulin protein kinase t phosphorylate.
