KINE 2P20 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Triglyceride, Acetaldehyde, Alcoholism
9 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Nutrition 2P20
Diabetes
Leading ause of…
- blindness in adults (retinopathy)
- Renal failure (nephropathy)
- Non-traumatic lower limb amputations (neuropathy)
Treatment
- Goal: keep blood glucose levels within normal ranges
- Type 2: diet, exercise, weight loss and/or medication/insulin
- Type 1: insulin/medication
Glycemic index: Classifies/ranks food according how a 50g amount of food raises blood glucose
Glycemic response: how quickly and how high blood glucose rises after carbohydrates are
consumed
Exercise
- Ireases ody’s sesitivity to isuli
- GLUT4 contraction sensitive, therefore more glucose entering the cell with less insulin
Sports and Exercise Nutrition
3 R’s of Reovery = Rehydratio, Restoratio (of CHO stores) and Rest
Important to think about timing and source of CHO
Alcohol
- Consists of water, ethanol, and sugar
- Ethanol: alcohol produced by yeast fermentation of sugar
▪ Average drink contains ~15ml of ethanol and is ~90kcal
- Absorbed through simple diffusion along the GI tract
▪ 20% in stomach, the rest in intestine – portal circulation to liver
▪ 90% metabolized by the liver, 5% is excreted as urine, 5% eliminated via
the lungs
- Blood alcohol levels
▪ Pesk blood concentrations attained ~45m-1h after ingestion
- Alcohol metabolism, 2 pathways
▪ Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH): for breaking down small amounts found
throughout GI tract and liver
• Breaks down alcohol to yield acetaldehyde – toxic compound
▪ Microsomal Ethanol – Oxidizing System (MEOS): for breaking down large
amounts with chronic consumption
• Also forms acetaldehyde and causes oxidative damage to tissues
(inflammation)
- Adverse Effects of Alcohol Consumption
▪ Short-term: organ function, several hours
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Goal: keep blood glucose levels within normal ranges. Type 2: diet, exercise, weight loss and/or medication/insulin. Glycemic index: classifies/ranks food according how a 50g amount of food raises blood glucose. Glycemic response: how quickly and how high blood glucose rises after carbohydrates are consumed. Glut4 contraction sensitive, therefore more glucose entering the cell with less insulin. 3 r"s of re(cid:272)overy = rehydratio(cid:374), restoratio(cid:374) (of cho stores) and rest. Important to think about timing and source of cho. Ethanol: alcohol produced by yeast fermentation of sugar: average drink contains ~15ml of ethanol and is ~90kcal. Absorbed through simple diffusion along the gi tract: 20% in stomach, the rest in intestine portal circulation to liver, 90% metabolized by the liver, 5% is excreted as urine, 5% eliminated via. Blood alcohol levels the lungs: pesk blood concentrations attained ~45m-1h after ingestion. Adverse effects of alcohol consumption: short-term: organ function, several hours, long-term: disease drop in nutritional status and rise in production of.
