BIOL 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 47: Phosphodiester Bond, Ethidium Bromide, Heat Repeat
22 Jun 2016
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Document Summary
Various retrotransposons (ltr, line, sine) replicate through distinct mechanisms, but are all characterized by presence of flanking repeat sequences (anchors) and use of reverse transcriptase. Dna transposon duplication can only occur during replication: transposon can jump ahead of the fork and replicate. Transposons have no apparent function except self-replication, yet have huge impact. Exon shuffling is exchange of exons between 2 different genes; exon duplication is exchange within the same gene. Alu: most common mobile element in human genome, participate in exon shuffling via recombination between interspersed elements. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain dna coding for some of their proteins, rrna, and trna; the rest is coded by the nucleus. Mitochondria and chloroplast dna replicate and multiply by division; they probably originated from endosymbiotic bacteria. Lecture 21: molecular techniques: pcr and dna sequencing. Size: easiest way to separate dna; the only charged group on dna is phosphate; southern blotting + hybridization works only with denatured, ssdna, not dsdna.
