BIOL 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Embryonic Stem Cell, Snuppy, David Baltimore

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8 Jun 2018
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11/23/2017
Lecture 22
Famous retractions
o Doing ecstasy once causes parkinsons…
Paper from John Hopkins claiming that if you take Ecstasy ONCE you get
symptoms like parkinon’s disease
Realized later that they gave the animals the wrong drug
Thought it was ecstasy but actually it was methamphetamine
Even in the retraction statement, the authors still believed that ecstasy
causes Parkinson
It is the combination of the retraction + insisting that ecstasy still causes
Parkinson’s that led to the downfall of his rep.
o Half of the offspring in a troop are from males outside the troop..
Found to not be true
When paper was retracted, this didn’t have an implication on the career of
the person that made the mistake
Gagneaux wrote a paper on how it is easy to make a mistake looking at the
DNA in hair and was pardoned by the scientific community
Papers that are retracted are cited more often than normal papers..
o Retracted papers were cited 10 times on avg. each!!
o If no one cares about a paper, it is less likely that it will be retracted!
o More people looked at the retracted papers
o Retracted papers were in higher impact factor journals!!!
In journals where no one cares, no one scrutinizes the papers
Thereza Imanishi-kari
o 1985 paper comes out suggesting new way to stimulate immunity; co-author is
Nobel prize winner David Baltimore
o The initial suspicion of fraud comes from a whistle blower!
In this case it was her post doc student
Student claimed that she didn’t think Theresa did what she said she did
Discrepancies between data in lab notebooks and in paper
However, this was never able to be proven!
o Two employees at the Office of Scientific Integrity and one congressman pursue
enquiry and conclude on fraud. Baltimore resigns as Rockefeller U president
Analyzed the notebook by looking at the ink and seeing how old it is to
see if she added data after she was accused of fraud
In this case Thereza is guilty before being proved innocent and her
supervisor Baltimore had to resign because he was defending her
Finally the enquiry in 1996 concludes that there was no fraud
Roger Poisson
o Tested whether the outcome of treatment for breast-cancer was the same whether
you simply removed the tumor or the entire breast and lymph nodes
o Poisson enrolled ineligible patients!!!!
If you enroll a women who’s 29 or 51 but when you put it in the data you
change it to 29 to 30 or change 51 to 50
Where it become really bad is when you fake the date of diagnosis
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