GEOG 216 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Pax Britannica, Colonial Empire, Endogenous Growth Theory
9 Jan 2019
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Document Summary
International migration: global movement of peoples, leading to increased geographic demand for land, and opportunities of trade: peace: in zero-sum mercantilism, conflict arises; but pax britannica permits win-win trade. Colonialism: discovery-conquest-colonialism: british east india company given royal charter to trade in south asia, and given sovereignty over the region, two major waves of colonialism, 16th-19th century: spain and portugal seeking gold, glory, and god. However, by 19th century, many independence movements in spanish/portugal colonies: developed out of trade experience, 19th-20th century: competitive colonialism occurs between european great power, case point is. Outcomes of the trade boom: economic growth: gdp in mercantile era grew 1. 6% annually, by 19th, 2. 4%. Meant better living standards for many people, especially europe due to endogenous growth. Oligarchs dominate economy in many industrialized states, and core-periphery relations begin to emerge. Those in ldcs tend to focus on growth/basic needs, in advanced states focus on freedoms/capabilities.
