PSYC 215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Positive Illusions, Confirmation Bias, Social Reality
Document Summary
People hear a rumour and start to worry that their money is not safe in the bank. Many start to demand to take their money out. The bank eventually cannot pay everyone and so goes out of business: (because money you deposit is lent out to borrowers, who cannot immediately return it to the bank. ) A false definition of the situation evoking a new behavior which makes the originally false conception come true. : the prophet will cite the actual course of events as proof that he was right from the very beginning. Taught arithmetic by owner wilhelm von osten (~1900) Clever hans could do it even without the trainer. Hans was responding to expectancies of the questioner, as subtly and unintentionally communicated: hans learnt to read the expectancies. We know about the belief-confirming effects of schemas, confirmation bias, and motivated cognition.