ANTHROP 2E03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Homologous Chromosome, Zygote, Monosomy
5 Mar 2018
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Transcription - dna producing a set of rna instructions. Translation - the rna then being translated into a protein. Somatic cells - cells throughout most of the body. Are going to have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Diploid organisms - 2 sets of matching organisms (not identical but sets) 23 form one parent and 23 from another parent. All the same sets of genes but slightly different version. Karyotype - chromosomes are chemically stained and are cut out of a photomicrograph and arranged in pairs in a standard classification. 2 x chromosomes indicates females and 1 x and 1 y indicates males. To produce new cells, the cells have to replicate completely. Dividing 2 new daughter cells both diploid. Start with 1 copy and produce 2 identical copies. Threads emerge as double strands called chromosomes. The chromosomes move centre then in tug of war they separate to opposite poles. Then the cell expands and nuclear membrane forms creating 2 new cells.
