BIOCHEM 2EE3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Phosphorylase, Phosphorylase Kinase, Second Messenger System
15 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Signal transduction - the body communicates extracellular messages either via long distances from remote locations (hormones) or locally over very short distances (neurotransmitters) in order to elicit a specific reaction within a target cell or tissue. Message: response to intake of a meal. In response to increase in blood sugar levels the pancreas releases the hormone insulin into the blood stream. Insulin signals to target cells that they should take up glucose. Distant pancreas to target cells in muscle and adipose tissue to take up glucose and either use it or store it. Signal molecule or messenger (insulin) is transmitted form the pancreas to the target tissues. Classes of extracellular messengers: hormones at a distance. Travel through the bloodstream to target tissues: neurotransmitters secretion close to target cells. Exert effect very quickly: pheromones act upon cells in a different organisms, growth factors act a t various distances.
