BIOLOGY 1A03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Centromere, Missense Mutation, Fetus

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOLOGY 1A03
• Professor: Lovaye Kajiura

Document Summary

Bio 1a03 theme 4 module 4: errors in dna replication that are not fixed and that change nucleotides, most common mutations that occur, arise randomly with no known cause, mutation is a very rare event. The rna backbone of rna viruses and retroviruses are more prone to damage and breakage, and there is no proofreading capability in rna genomes. Mutations in germline cells: mutations that can be passed onto offspring, germ cells are the cells that come together to produce new offspring in sexually reproducing organisms, every cell in the developing embryo will carry the mutation. The environment did not create the mutation, rather the mutation was beneficial to have in the environment. Dna polymerase and dna ligase, allowing for the addition of a new and properly matched nucleotide base. Small point mutations: involve single nucleotide pair changes in a dna sequence, small-scale point mutations can arise during dna replication.