BIOLOGY 1A03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Post-Translational Modification, Proinsulin, Glucose Transporter

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOLOGY 1A03
• Professor: Alastair Tracey Rosa Da Silva

Document Summary

Human proteome represents the full number of proteins that are expressed by all the hereditary information in our dna (genome) The great complexity of our proteome relative to our genome is largely attributed to rna processing and post translational modifications. Regulatory mechanisms contribute to the over 1 million proteins that are encoded by our genome; systems of control that keep internal environments relatively stable and maintained. Defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells is the segregation of genetic information in the double membrane of the nucleus. In eukaryotes, compartmentalization allows for a more intricate control in the regulation of cellular processes. Transcription, translation, splicing and post-translational modifications further contribute to complexity of our proteome. Reading between dna blueprint to final processing and translation is essential to create functional proteins. Composition of our proteome change in response to various factors like: organism"s developmental stage in response to internal and external signals. Cells detect changes in their environment in numerous ways.