BIOLOGY 1M03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Stabilizing Selection, Classical Conditioning, Galah
22 Apr 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Friday, March 3, 2017
Lecture 3 - Dr. Quinn - Development of Behaviour
Behaviour, Genes and Environment
-Call Types of Birds
-1) Begging calls
• begging for food ffrom parents,
•vital for young birds to do this
-2) Alarm calls,
•given in the presence of a predator
•hope that they’re parents will come in order to chase away the predator
-3) Contact Calls
•maintain associations with parents/ flock when mobile
•not vital for the young
-Natural experiment —> Galah chick raised by pink cockatoos
•It still gives out a galah begging and alarm call due to its genes, thus it is
instinctual
-For Contact calls, the galah chick that are reared by pink cockatoos give out contact
calls that they learned from their parents
•thus their contact calls are the same as those of the pink cockatoos
Types of Learning
1) Habituation
-repeated stimuli without appropriate feedback or unimportant stimuli
•we ignore repeated stimuli that don’t really help us that much
-when a chick is first hatched, anything flying over will make it hunker down
•but it will learn which birds are predatory and which aren’t so they start paying
less attention to those harmless birds
!1
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Friday, March 3, 2017
2) Imprinting
-involves critical periods of time, structured learning
•at birth / hatching, life long learning and mating
•life long learning influences mating
-little ducks imprint the first large moving things as their mother / father,
-Instinct: A behaviour pattern that reliably develops in individual that receive adequate
nutrition
•given in functional form on its first performance
-Learning: A durable and usually adaptive change in an animal’s behaviour traceable
to experience by that individual
3) Associative Learning
-association of stimuli,
-a) Classical Conditioning
• Pavlov’s dog
•forming a contingency between a neutral stimulus and another unconditional
stimulus
-b) Operant conditioning
•An action has a consequence
•and that consequence influences whether we will perform the action again or
not
-ex. touching a hot stove when you’re young, you won’t ever touch a hot stove again
-can be one time learning, very fast
4) Insight Learning
-correct behaviour on first try by reasoning not instinct
•it’s not like we have the genetic blueprint in order to behave in an appropriate
way
!2
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lecture 3 - dr. quinn - development of behaviour. 1) begging calls: begging for food ffrom parents, vital for young birds to do this. 2) alarm calls: given in the presence of a predator, hope that they"re parents will come in order to chase away the predator. 3) contact calls: maintain associations with parents/ ock when mobile, not vital for the young. Natural experiment > galah chick raised by pink cockatoos: it still gives out a galah begging and alarm call due to its genes, thus it is instinctual. For contact calls, the galah chick that are reared by pink cockatoos give out contact calls that they learned from their parents: thus their contact calls are the same as those of the pink cockatoos. Repeated stimuli without appropriate feedback or unimportant stimuli: we ignore repeated stimuli that don"t really help us that much.
