BIOLOGY 1M03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Eukaryote, Nachos, Archaea
26 Jan 2018
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Document Summary
Measure characteristic of taxa (anything seems useful: morphological or generic. Phonetic approaches use measures of distance between organisms. Cladistic approaches are based on modelling how evolution occurs on a tree. Morphological or genetic: we usually have more information from genetic characteristics thus more easily to measure, when should we use morphological? when genetic data is not available, mainly fossil organisms. Clasistic analysis (prefer this one): makes use of the phylogenic model of organisms evolving from each other to infer phylogenies. Phenetic analysis: ignores the phylogenetic model of organisms evolving from each other while inferring phylogenies. Classical cladistic analysis is based on synapomorphies shared, derived (since the modern ancestor) characteristics (as evidence that the two taxa are related) Derived character is a character not shared by the common ancestor of the group we are currently thinking about. Convergent evolution: two species may have the same trait because it evolved twice independently.
