BIOLOGY 2B03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Chloroplast, Ataxin 1, Groel
9 Apr 2018
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Most protein molecules fold rapidly into their correct configuration. If not there are one of two options i. ii. Chaperones fall into one of two classes: monomeric molecular chaperones & They are not directing folding in a particular way, but rather they are helping proteins to fold by preventing the formation of incorrect folding within the molecule or of inappropriate associations with other proteins. These mechanisms are ubiquitous (they are seen in all cells) They bind to hydrophobic amino acid residues on a polypeptide and prevent the protein from forming incorrect folds due to hydrophobic interactions in an aqueous environment within a protein or with other proteins. These heat-shock proteins were identified as proteins that are expressed at high levels under conditions of stress (elevated temperatures) This may be due to the fact that proteins denature at higher temperatures, and the cell responds by making more heat shock proteins to refold various proteins in the cell.
