BIOLOGY 2EE3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Eukaryote, Chloroplast, Organelle
16 Oct 2015
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Document Summary
Contains most of cell"s dna, site of transcription. Food vacuoles serve as sites for digestion. Contains various oxidative enzymes, like catalase and oxidase. Double membrane contains linear chromosomes of cell dna. Contains nucleolus (non-membrane bound: helps store and express information, eukaryotes: transcription occurs in nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm. Protein trafficking: proteins to go to their correct locations due to protein signal sequences. Internal sequence: 1 or 2 short series of lysine (k) Import of nuclear-encoded proteins into the mitochondria. Cleave site for removal of signal sequence. Organelles allow movement of electrons through etc and the energy released during the passage (cid:0) proton gradient (cid:0) synthesize atp. Organelles are semi-autonomous: each has their own dna, ribosomes, transcription machinery and can replicate independently of the rest of the cell, most of their proteins originate from the dna in the nucleus of the cell.
