GEOG 3ER3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Discounting, Habitat Fragmentation, Ecotourism
17 Sep 2017
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Document Summary
Nations can act to jointly hit their targets overall targets for groups of countries instead of individual ones. Emission trading protocol allows trading among countries. No mechanism to enforce agreement must be voluntary and self enforcing. Mechanism for sanctions must be mutually agreed upon. Needs to create incentives to emitters to reduce their emissions. Emissions are below 8. 5 gt of c02 in 75% of cases. Quantitative targets in the reduction of emissions create economic value. Variation of control costs much greater with permits. Alberta /tonne, that will rise to /tonne in 2018. + 100 mt emissions hard cap for oil sands. Bc revenue neutral now at /tonne. Ontario cap and trade, from 142 mt to 125 mt (2020) Stated preference in the u. s wtp for mitigation approaches. Significant losses with more than 3 degree c change. From a market perspective excessive depletion due to failure of markets to reflect range of benefits of natural forests.
