NURSING 3PA2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Tnm Staging System, Tumor Marker, Cytotoxic T Cell
Document Summary
Cell biology review: cell amount is kept at a constant (dying off and regenerating, cell proliferation / differentiation (define) Neoplasm: new growth tumor; can be benign or malignant: abnormal tissue growth (stress: benign or malignant) Anaplasia: cells lost their differentiation -> immature, undistinguished (malignant feature) Differentiation: process in which cells become progressively more specialized. ), and b/c they cause more tissue destruction. Local effects of malignant tumors: pain, obstruction (leading to ischemia and necrosis) Metastases: penetrate lymphatic wall -> enter bloodstream, angiogenesis. Stem cells (basic start) -> then branch off to become different kinds (see cell differnation slide not major but read it near beginning) Process of cancer development: 1st stage: initiation: damage to dna (mutation), nucleus -> cell becomes altered. Smoking, obesity etc. can promote the move to stage 2: 2nd stage: promotion. Epithelial tissue (llinign internal body organs or covering body): tissue name + carcinoma. Adenoma glandular tissue r/t (benign b/c oma)
