BCHM 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Rate Limiting, Acetyl-Coa, Acetoacetic Acid

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2 Dec 2016

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Lecture fifteen - fa oxidation, ketone body synthesis, Learning outcomes: describe the synthesis of ketone bodies in order to understand their role as an alternative fuel source, discuss the structure and roles of 3 important lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, eicosanoids. Ketone bodies are produced in the liver from acetyl coa. Produces 2 functional ketone bodies: acetoacetate *unusable bi-product) and 3-hydroxybutyrate: acetone is produced as a non-metabolized side product. Exported from liver to heart, kidney, muscle and fasting brain (how the liver helps sustain the brain when there is no more glucose in the body) 2 acetyl coa combined to form acetoacetyl coa. Acetoacetyl coa + acetyl coa hydroxymethylglutaryl coa (hmg coa) Catalyzed by hmg coa synthase: only found in liver, rate limiting enzyme in ketone body synthesis, hmg coa acetoacetate + acetyl coa. Acetoacetate 3-hyrdoxybutyrate + acetone: production requires molecule of nadh as a reducing agent.

Related Questions

16- When the body is deficient in oxaloacetate

a) acetyl CoA from the b-oxdiation pathway cannot enter the citric acid cycle

b) oxaloacetate is diverted to gluconeogenesis

c) acetyl CoA is diverted to form the ketone bodies

d) all of the above are true

e) none of the above

17- The synthesis of ketone bodies involves

a) synthesis of acetoacetyl-CoA by reversal of the thiolase reaction of fatty oxidation

b) synthesis of b-hydroxy-b-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA)

c) cleavage of HMG-CoA to acetoacetate.

d) b-Hydroxybutyrate is produced by reduction of acetoacetate.

e) all of the above

18- Which of the statements about ketone body production is FALSE?

a) Ketone bodies are produced when there is more acetyl-CoA in the liver than can be oxidized in the citric acid cycle.

b) Ketone bodies production is not a normal process, and occurs only in diabetes or starvation

c) The ketone bodies produced in the body are the free acids and not the CoA esters.

d) When fatty acid oxidation in the liver is uncontrolled, ketone body production becomes excessive and life-threatening because these acidic compounds lower the pH of blood

e) When fatty acid oxidation

19- In which of the following ways can the 4-carbon compound acetoacetyl CoA produced in fatty acid degradation be further metabolized?

a) It can break down further to form acetyl CoA,

b) It can be converted to the ketone bodies

c) It can be used for synthesis of cholesterol and its many derivÂatives.

d) It can do all of the above

e) It can do none of the above

20- Acetyl CoA from the beta-oxidation pathway cannot enter the citric acid cycle in which of these circumstances?

a) periods of fasting

b) periods of starvation

c) diabetes

d) when the body is deficient in oxaloacetate

e) all of the above

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BCHM 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Rate Limiting, Acetyl-Coa, Acetoacetic Acid

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