BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Phosphorylation, Molecular Switch, Adenylyl Cyclase
Document Summary
External signals are converted to responses with the cell. Reception: a signaling molecule binds to a receptor protein, causing it to change shape. Transduction: cascade of molecular interactions relay signals from receptors to target molecules in the cell. Response: cell signaling leads to regulation of transcription or cytoplasmic activities. Cell to cell communication is essential for both multicellular and unicellular organisms. Biologists discovered some universal mechanisms of cellular regulation. The yeast saccharomyces s cerevisiae, has two mating type, a and alpha. Cells of different mating types locate each other via secreted factors specific for each type. The yeast cell has become adapted to glucose in its environment by synthesizing glucose transporters and enzymes that are needed to metabolize glucose. Information can also take a less physical form like light, sounds. Most water-soluble signal molecules bind receptor proteins that span plasma membrane. There are three main types of membrane receptors: g protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases.
