BIOL 334 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Hepatocyte, Oxaloacetic Acid, Futile Cycle

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Catabolic pathway to allow: anaerobic energy (atp) production, generation of anabolic precursors for tca cycle and etc. Amphibolic (reverse reaction is also possible, called gluconeogenesis) The glycolysis that occurs in animals, yeast, and some microbes. 10 sequential enzyme-catalyzed reactions that oxidize a 6-carbon hexose (glucose or fructose) into two 3-carbon pyruvates. Overall reaction: glucose + 2adp + 2pi + 2nad+ 2 pyruvate + 2atp + 2nadh. But later, with the use of oxygen, we get 2atp per nadh, so overall we get: without oxygen: 2atp per glucose, with oxygen: 6atp per glucose. About 2-6% of total chemical energy in glucose is recovered as atp. If glycogen is used as fuel instead of glucose, glucose is cleaved from glycogen as glucose-1-phosphate, so: there is one less atp used in the preparatory steps, produces: 3atp per glucose converted to 2 pyruvate. Glycolysis has 2 segments: the preparatory steps: involves initial investment of atp.

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