PSY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Sleep Spindle, Tim Hortons, Positive Form
30 Apr 2018
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March 8, 2018 PSY102 – Lecture 6
1
CONSCIOUSNESS
• Our subjective experience of the world, our bodies, and our mental perspectives
• “Normal” or awake consciousness encompasses our ever-changing awareness of
thoughts, emotions, bodily sensations, events, and actions
o Biased by past learning
• Consciousness is our level of awareness about ourselves and our environment
• It is the awareness of internal and external stimuli
Stream of Consciousness
• Your thoughts are constantly changing
• Some that enter are the result of intention
• Easily shift our attention to things of importance or interest
Variations in Awareness and Control
• While attention and consciousness are clearly closely related, they are not identical,
• You can have one without the other
How Do We Gain Self-Knowledge?
• Introspection:
o The process where people look inward and examine their own thoughts, feelings,
and motives
o This allows us to predict our own behaviour, allowing us to control our behaviour
in the future.
▪ I’m not mad at the Tim Horton’s worker, I’m mad because I didn’t get
enough sleep
• I’m not gonna yell at him, I’m gonna be introspective and let his
mistake go, because that’s not the real reason why I would do that
action, its because of my lack of sleep, not the poor drink.
o Introspection is trying to come to the truth, the best you can for WHY you did
something
• How often do you do this?
o We do it 8% of the time, naturally.
Rumination
• Chronically self-analyze; an involuntary, negative form of self-focus associated with
threat or uncertainty
o Precursor to anxiety or depressive disorders
o Negative self-focus, it isn’t based on reality, it’s involuntary
• Sleep at night, and think of all the bad things that you’re doing, no solutions;
“bad grades, no job, my parents are gonna be disappointed, etc.…”
• To correct rumination, use introspection to solve it
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
March 8, 2018 PSY102 – Lecture 6
2
Reflection
• A positive form of self-focus where you explore your inner self in a positive way
o Good for self–esteem
▪ However, have a clear self-concept clarity
• You got a 68, which is 5% over average, but you think you are the
smartest, because you did better than the other half of the class
▪ Don’t gas yourself, stay within the subjective reality
Consciousness Aspects
• What aspects of consciousness to researchers study?
• Topics such as sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and the affects of psychoactive drugs are just a
few of the major topics
Sleep
• We spend about 8 hours/day, 56 hours/week, 224 hours/month and 2688 hours/year
doing it
• One third of our lives we are apparently doing nothing
• But is it really doing nothing?
o Brain is very active during sleep, “updating software”
• Deals with emotional and logical problems
• Setting up neuro-links
Stages of Sleep MIDTERM CONTENT
• We cycle through five stages of sleep in roughly 90 minute cycles
• Stages 1-4 is non-REM sleep.
o No eye movements, fewer dreams
• Stage 5 is REM sleep
o Vivid dreams and quick eye movements
• Dreams are kind of like rumination, they make sense, until you right them down.
Stage 1
• 5-10 minutes
• Theta waves
• Hypnagogic imagery
• Hypnic jerks
o That mini heart attack when you’re in bed, almost asleep, and you suddenly feel
like you have a strange falling sensation
• Stage 1 consists of lights, weird images;
o You’re actually asleep, you think you’re awake, weird lights, etc… You think it is
a ghost
▪ Wake up, it’s actually Stage 1, not a ghost
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
March 8, 2018 PSY102 – Lecture 6
3
Stage 2
• 10-30 minutes
• Sleep spindles and K-complexes
o Sleep Spindle – Intensive burst of electrical activity
o K Complexes – Sharp, high waves
o Eye movement stops
• As much as 65% of total sleep
Stage 3 and 4
• 15-30 minutes
• Delta waves
• Crucial to feel rested
• Suppressed by alcohol
• Separate but at the same time, they are the same
• For midterm, and final, consider them the clumped stage
o Crucial sleeping stage
o Easy to get transferred from Stage 3-4 to Stage 2
o Stage 3-4 is quality sleep, deeper stages are needed to feel very rested
o Babies spend 40% of their time in Delta sleep
o Adults usually spend 20% of their time in Delta sleep
Stage 5
• 10-20 minutes
• REM sleep
• Brain activity similar to wakefulness
• Becomes longer as the night goes on
o Perception gets skewed in the dreamscape
REM Facts
• Paradoxical because our bodies are paralyzed but
brains are active
• REM rebound occurs when we don’t rest well for several nights
• Function of the eye movements is unknown
• Muscles in middle ear are also active
Biology of Sleep
• Our circadian rhythm is cyclical biological changes that occur on a roughly 24-hour basis
• Includes hormone release and body temperature
• Regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) or biological clock of the hypothalamus
o Hypothalamus is like the main boss in the brain for a lot of things
• Falling asleep is triggered by an increase in melatonin
• Disruptions of circadian rhythms (jet lag, late shifts) can cause numerous health problems
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
It is the awareness of internal and external stimuli. Stream of consciousness: your thoughts are constantly changing, some that enter are the result of intention, easily shift our attention to things of importance or interest. Variations in awareness and control: while attention and consciousness are clearly closely related, they are not identical, you can have one without the other. Introspection: the process where people look inward and examine their own thoughts, feelings, and motives, this allows us to predict our own behaviour, allowing us to control our behaviour in the future. I"m not mad at the tim horton"s worker, i"m mad because i didn"t get enough sleep. Bad grades, no job, my parents are gonna be disappointed, etc. : to correct rumination, use introspection to solve it. Consciousness aspects: what aspects of consciousness to researchers study, topics such as sleep, dreams, hypnosis, and the affects of psychoactive drugs are just a few of the major topics.
