ANTH 2122H Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Pleistocene, Paleo-Indians, Muskox
15 Dec 2016
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Anth 2122 22/01/16 - lecture 3: hunter-gatherers in the americas. There will be a map including key sites from lecture and reading both in class and textbook, good indicator. Monte verde, chile meadowcroft rockshelter, pennsylvania caverna de pedra. Pintada, brazil santa isabel istapan, chihuahua, mexico. 14000-15000 years ago people were in the americas hunter- gatherers hunted megafauna, smaller species, and foraged became increasingly regionally diverse, settling-in, greater variability in tool-kits and subsistence practices. Extinction of the megafauna overkill, climate change, multiple factors. Social evolution: flannery identifies five stages of social evolution hunter-gatherer bands, autonomous village societies, ranked societies (includes chiefdoms), archaic states, empires. The biological analogy: like biological organisms, human societies change over time adopt different forms depending on environmental conditions limited form possibilities due to functional needs of the society. Hunter-gatherers: highly mobile, small groups, egalitarian social structure, lack of elaborate material culture/ritual practice.
