NURS 3000H Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Tracheal Intubation, Airway Obstruction, Tracheotomy
31 Oct 2018
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Document Summary
Tracheostomy: tracheotomy surgical incision into the trachea to establish an airway, tracheostomy stoma that results from the tracheotomy. Swallowing dysfunction: may be caused by an inflated cuff. Interferes with normal function of the muscles for swallowing. Important to evaluate the risk of aspiration with the cuff deflated. Pneumonia: definition: acute inflammation of lung parenchyma caused by microbial agents, normal protection of airway: air filtration, warming and humidification of inspired air, epiglottis covering trachea, cough, mucocillary escalator, iga, alveolar macrophages. Increased risk when defense mechanisms are incompetent or overwhelmed (infection: decreased loc depresses cough and epiglottis reflexes, tracheal intubation interference with cough, mucociliary escalator, filtration, and humidification of air. Impaired mucociliary escalator with smoking, uris (upper respiratory infections), aging, air pollution: malnutrition alters immune cell function, leukemia, dm, alcoholism increases infection risk, antibiotic treatment elsewhere in the body, more in table 30-1. If it is an inert substance, the initial cm are d/t obstruction of the airways.
