BIOL107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Thymine, Cardiovascular Disease, Lard

• School: University of Alberta
• Department: Biology (Biological Sciences)
• Course: BIOL107
• Professor: Frank Nargang

Document Summary

4 general classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. They also contain large polymers of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. Many monomers of one class joined together covalently formed polymers. Extremely large molecules of any class except lipids are called macromolecules. Simplest sugars are monosaccharides, and contain 3, 5, or 6 carbons. E. g. glyceraldehydes (3-carbon), ribose (5-carbon), glucose, fructose, galactose (6-carbon) Disaccharides are made of 2 joined monosaccharides (glucose+fructose is sucrose) Polysaccharides are 100s or 1000s of monosaccharide units. Starch (glucose monomers, plant storage of glucose); glycogen (glucose monomers, animal storage of glucose); cellulose (glucose monomers, cell wall formation); chitin (n-acetyl glucosamine, anthropod exoskeletons) Bonds formed between monosaccharide units are the result of dehydration reactions (water is lost). Reverse reaction (breaking a bond) is called hydrolysis water is added. Examples: fatty acids long hydrocarbon chains with acidic carboxyl groups (-cooh on end) ex. palmitic acid. Unsaturated carbons do not contain maximum number of hydrogens;