BIOL107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Integrin, Intermediate Filament, Glycoprotein

• School: University of Alberta
• Department: Biology (Biological Sciences)
• Course: BIOL107
• Professor: Frank Nargang

Document Summary

Contain peptidoglycan, which is either gram positive or gram negative. Gram positive thick peptidoglycan, no outer membrane, many overlayered sheets. Gram stain can be used to identify based on different retention of dyes. Peptidoglycan is made up of a chain of disaccharide units: n-acetyl glucosamine (nag) ii) n-acetylmuramic acid (nam) Small peptides are attached to nam subunits and are cross-linked for strength. This is called transpeptidation, it is catalyzed by an enzyme that is inhibited by penicillin and its derivatives. (i. e. penicillin causes cells to burst and die) Both archaea and bacteria have flagella for movement and pili (two types) Sex pilus (bacterial conjugation, transfer of dna between cells) Cellulose embedded in a chain of proteins and polysaccharides. Young plant cells secrete primary cell walls which are reinforced by hardening substances (ex. Between primary cell walls of adjacent cells is the middle lamella made of sticky polysaccharides called pectin.