BIOL208 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Paraphyly, Plant, Sporophyte
29 Mar 2018
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Document Summary
Clade excavata includes protists with modifies mitochondria or with unique flagella. Excavata includes three clades: diplomonads, parabasalids and euglenozoans. Lack plastids, have modified mitochondria, and most live in anaerobic environments. Giardia acquired by drinking water contaminated with feces containing parasite cysts which in turn infect human intestine (causing explosive diarrhea) Clade characterized by spiral or crystalline rode of unknown function inside flagella. Includes predatory heterotrophs, photoautotrophs and parasites (ex: parasitic trypanosoma causes sleeping sickness in humans, transmitted by the tsese fly, the parasite crosses the blood-brain barrier and infects the central nervous system. Euglenids have one or two flagella that emerge from pocket at one end of the cell. Some euglenid species are both autotrophic and heterotrophic (mixotrophs) The sar clade is a highly diverse monophyletic supergroup of protists defined by dna similarities. Sar clade is controversial and is named for its three major clades: Probably originated by secondary endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic red algae.
