NURS113 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness, Asthma, Pulmonary Heart Disease
Document Summary
Enlargement of acini w/ loss of lung elasticity (distal to terminal bronchioles) Bronchial wall thickened, lumen narrowed alveoli wall broken. Hypoxemia and cyanosis, polycythemia, pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale. Extrinsic (atopic) history of allergy, family history, skin test (+) Nocturnal (children, non-atopic) & refractory (nocturnal, require cortisone. Intrinsic (non-atopic) respiratory infections/psychological factors, severe, skin test (-) injection) & clinical triad (asthma, rhino-sinusitis, nasal polyps) Permanent dilation of bronchi due to bronchial wall destruction. Child infections (measles), lower resp. infection, tb, obstruction (mucus, tumour) Emphysema affects alveoli and bronchiectasis affects main bronchi. Viscid mucus in bronchi, cause bronchiolitis, bronchitis and bronchiectasis after a while. Squamous: smoking, metaplasia, male, better prognosis. Adeno: non-smoker, women, remnant of glandular tissue. Large cell (undifferentiated: metastasis, anaplastic, poor prognosis. Small cell cancer: smoking, remnant of endocrine cell, anaplastic, worst prognosis. Needle aspiration, ventilator pressure, cpr: pathophysiology, open (communicating, tension. Air enters (cid:271)ut doesn"t leave lungs, (cid:272)ollapse.