NURS 498 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Alkaline Phosphatase, Vertebral Compression Fracture, Bisphosphonate
20 Feb 2018
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Document Summary
Pathologic fractures (distal end of radius and the upper 3rd of femur) Compression fracture of spine assess ability to void and defecate. Fatal complication: fat/pulmonary embolism (long bone), pneumonia, haemorrhage, shock. + p salts fragile bones + risk for fractures (wrists, hips, thoracic/lumbar vertebral column) Decreased bone density/mass deterioration of bone tissue impair structural integrity of trabecular bone cortical bone becomes more porous and thinner bone weakness and fractures. Disuse or immobilization of a limb due to fractures/joint inflam. Smoking, early menopause, excessive alcohol, family history of osteoporosis, female gender, increasing age, insufficient ca/ vitamin. C + d/ mg, sedentary lifestyle, white or asian, medications (glucocorticoid), propensity to fall. Nutrition (high in ca): yogurt, milk, cheese, ice cream, spinach, almonds, sardines. Exercise maintain bone mass + increase muscle strength/coordinate/balance. Weight bearing+ against gravity exercises (walk, hike, weights, stairs, tennis, dance) High impact aerobics too much stress on bones. Middle aged to older women due to estrogen deficiency.
