NUTR 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Carotenoid, Retinoid, Retinol
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11 Mar 2017
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In the mouth, chewing breaks food into small particles, helping to release vitamins. In the stomach, digestion of food releases vitamins. 2: the gallbladder releases bile, which emulsifies fat and helps absorb fat-soluble vitamins, the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes that aid in the release of vitamins from food. In the small intestine, fat-soluble vitamins are incorporated into micelles and then absorbed by simple diffusion. Once they are inside the mucosal cells, fat-soluble vitamins are packaged in chylomicrons, which enter the lymph before passing into the blood: water-soluble vitamins are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the blood. In the large intestine, bacteria synthesize small amounts of vitamins, some of which are absorbed. It is water soluble, so it mostly works in the blood stream. Helps to protect lipids and dna from oxidative damage. Oxidation: the steal of electrons by free radicals. The oxygen sometimes forms free radicals during the process of energy metabolism.
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